Indium(III) chloride
| Indium(III) chloride | |
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Other names
Indium chloride |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 10025-82-8  |
| PubChem | 24812 |
| ChemSpider | 23197 |
| UNII | 58TD96H03I |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | InCl3 |
| Molar mass | 221.18 g/mol |
| Appearance | white flakes |
| Density | 3.46 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
586 °C |
| Boiling point |
800 °C |
| Solubility in water | soluble, exothermic |
| Solubility in other solvents | THF |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Monoclinic, mS16 |
| Space group | C12/m1, No. 12 |
| Hazards | |
| EU Index | Not listed |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
2
0
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| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Indium(III) fluoride Indium(III) bromide Indium(III) iodide |
| Other cations | Aluminium chloride Gallium trichloride Thallium(III) chloride |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3. This colorless salt finds some use in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium.[1]
[edit] Synthesis and structure
Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent.[2] A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution.[3]
Like AlCl3 and TlCl3, InCl3 crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of In(III) centers. The motif is akin to that seen for YCl3.[4] In contrast, GaCl3 and InI3 crystallize as dimers containing Ga2Cl6 and In2I6 subunits, respectively.
[edit] Catalyst in chemistry
Indium chloride is a Lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions such as Friedel-Crafts acylations and Diels-Alder reactions. As an example of the latter[5] The reaction proceeds at room temperature, with 1 mole% catalyst loading in an acetonitrile-water solvent mixture. The first step is a Knoevenagel condensation between the barbituric acid and the aldehyde, the second step is a reverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction.
which is a multicomponent reaction of N,N'-dimethyl-barbituric acid, benzaldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether. With catalyst the reported chemical yield is 90% and the percentage trans isomer is 70%. Without the catalyst added the yield drops to 65% with 50% trans product.
[edit] References
- ^ Araki, S.; Hirashita, T. "Indium trichloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.
- ^ Indium Trichloride
- ^ Habeeb, J. J.; Tuck, D. G. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(III) Complexes" Inorganic Syntheses, 1979, volume XIX, ISBN 0-471-04542-X
- ^ Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
- ^ An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]- and furopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via Indium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006, 2:11 doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-11
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