List of Internet phenomena

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This is a list of phenomena specific to the Internet, such as popular themes and catchphrases, images, viral videos and more. Such fads and sensations grow rapidly on the Internet because its instant communication facilitates word of mouth. In the early days of the Internet, phenomena were primarily spread via email or Usenet discussion communities. Today, many of these phenomena are also spread via popular, user-based or social networking web sites, including (but not limited to) 4chan, Newgrounds, Reddit, Facebook, Fark, Flickr, Myspace, Slashdot, Something Awful, YouTube, or YTMND. Search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, or Bing may also amplify the propagation of these phenomena.

Contents

Advertising

The Shake Weight

Animation

Evan and Gregg Spiridellis, founders of JibJab
  • "Caramelldansen" – A spoof from the Japanese visual novel opening Popotan that shows the two main characters doing a hip swing dance with their hands over their heads imitating rabbit ears, while the background song plays the sped up version of the song Caramelldansen sung by the Swedish music group Caramell. Also known as Caramelldansen Speedycake Remix or Uma uma dance (ウマウマダンス) in Japan, the song was parodied by artists and fans who then copy the animation and include characters from other anime performing the dance.[12][13][14]
  • Charlie the Unicorn – A three-part series of videos involving a unicorn who is repeatedly hoodwinked by two other unnamed unicorns, colored blue and pink, who bring him on elaborate adventures in order to steal his belongings or cause him physical harm.[15]
  • Dancing baby – A 3D-rendered dancing baby that first appeared in 1996 by the creators of Character Studio for 3D Studio MAX, and became something of a late 1990s cultural icon in part due to its exposure on world wide commercials, editorials about Character Studio, and the popular television series Ally McBeal.[16]
  • Happy Tree Friends – A series of flash cartoons featuring cute cartoon animals experiencing violent and gruesome accidents.[17]
  • Homestar Runner – A Flash animated Internet cartoon by Mike Chapman and Craig Zobel, created in 1996 and popularized in 2000, along with Matt Chapman. The cartoon contains many references to popular culture from the 1980s and 1990s, including video games, television, and popular music.[18]
  • Joe Cartoon – Alias of online cartoonist Joe Shields. Best known for his interactive Flash animations Frog in a Blender[19] and Gerbil in a Microwave,[20] released in 1999.[21] Two of the first Flash cartoons to receive fame on the Internet.[22]
  • Loituma Girl (also known as Leekspin) – Loop of Orihime Inoue from Bleach twirling a leek set to the music of Loituma.[23]
  • My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic – Hasbro's 2010 animated television series developed by Lauren Faust for the relaunch of its toy line was discovered by members of the 4chan message board, leading to elements of the show becoming Internet memes and incorporated into video mashups, fan fiction, and other works; the older, predominately male fan base, far outside the target demographic of young girls and their parents, have come to call themselves "bronies". Hasbro, The Hub channel, and the show's production team of the show have in turn acknowledged the Internet fanbase, such as scripting the fan-named background character "Derpy Hooves" (so-named due to an animation error in the first episode) in background cameos in subsequent episodes.[24]
  • Salad Fingers – A flash animation series surrounding a schizophrenic green man in a desolate world populated mostly by deformed, functionally mute people.[25]
  • This Land is Your Land – Flash animation produced by JibJab featuring cartoon faces of George W. Bush and John Kerry that parodies the United States presidential election, 2004. The video became a viral hit and viewed by over 100 million, leading to the production of other JibJab hits, including Good to be in D.C. and Big Box Mart.[26]
  • Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny – A lethal battle royal between many notable real and fictitious characters from popular culture. Set to a song of the same name, written and performed by Neil Cicierega under his musician alias, "Lemon Demon."[27]
  • Weebl and Bob – A series of flash cartoons created by Jonti Picking featuring two egg-shaped characters that like pie and speak in a virtually incoherent manner.[28]

Email

A computer mouse from 1983, with a removable mouse ball
See also: Virus hoax and Chain-letter
  • Bill Gates Email Beta Test – An email chain-letter that first appeared in 1997 and was still circulating as recently as 2007. The message claims that America Online and Microsoft are conducting a beta test and for each person you forward the email to, you will receive a payment from Bill Gates of more than $200. Realistic contact information for a lawyer appears in the message.[29][30]
  • Mouse Ball Replacement Memo – A memorandum circulated to IBM field service technicians detailing the proper procedures for replacing mouse balls, yet filled with a number of sexual innuendos. The memo actually was written by someone at IBM and distributed to technicians, but it was distributed as a corporate in-joke, and not as an actual policy or procedure. On the Internet, the memo can be traced as far back as 1989.[31]
  • Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend – Purportedly an actual transcript of a increasingly heated radio conversation between a U.S. Navy ship and a Canadian who insists the naval vessel change a collision course, ending in the punchline. This urban legend first appeared on the Internet in its commonly quoted format in 1995, although versions of the story predate it by several decades.[32] It continues to circulate; the Military Officers Association of America reports that it is forwarded to them an average of three times a day.[33] The Navy has a page specifically devoted to pointing out that many of the ships named weren't even in service at the time.[34]
  • Neiman Marcus Cookie recipe – An email chain-letter dating back to the early 1990s, but originating as Xeroxlore, in which a person tells a story about being ripped off for over $200 for a cookie recipe from Neiman Marcus. The email claims the person is attempting to exact revenge by passing the recipe out for free.[35][36]
  • Goodtimes virus – An infamous, fraudulent virus warning that first appeared in 1994. The email claimed that an email virus with the subject line "Good Times" was spreading, which would "send your CPU into an nth-complexity infinite binary loop", among other dire predictions.[37][38]

Films

Games

A variant of the "All Your Base" phenomenon

Images

Tron Guy
  • Ate my balls – An early example of an Internet meme. Created to depict a particular celebrity or fictional character eating testicles.[49]
  • Allison Stokke – A high school track athlete who in 2007 had a year-old picture of her adjusting her hair at a track meet in New York had made its way across the Internet. She had more than 1,000 new messages on her MySpace page. A three-minute video of Stokke standing against a wall and analyzing her performance at another meet had been posted on YouTube and viewed 150,000 times.[50]
  • Baidu 10 Mythical Creatures – A popular meme in the People's Republic of China regarding a series of mythical creatures, with names which referred to various Chinese profanities.[51][52] Seen as a form of protest against increased Internet censorship in China introduced in early 2009.[53][54]
  • Bert is Evil – A satirical website stated that Bert of Sesame Street is the root of many evils. A juxtaposition of Bert and Osama Bin Laden subsequently appeared in a real poster in a Bangladesh protest.[55][56]
  • Cigar guy – An October 2010 photograph of Tiger Woods at the 2010 Ryder cup included a costumed man with a wig and cigar, which spread widely and was photoshopped.[57]
  • Crasher Squirrel – A photograph by Melissa Brandts of a squirrel which popped up into a timer-delayed shot of Brandts and her husband while vacationing in Banff National Park, Canada, just as the camera went off. The image of the squirrel has since been added into numerous images on the Internet.[58][59][60]
  • Goatse.cx – A shock image of a distended anus.[61]
  • Heineken Looter Guy – An Associated Press photo taken in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, under the caption, "A looter carries a bucket of beer out of a grocery store in New Orleans." – the original photo shows a black man in waist-deep waters carrying a tub full of bottles of beer. This image and the man's face were incorporated into a parody of a Heineken magazine advertisement.[62][63]
A LOLcat
  • Islamic Rage Boy – A series of photos of Shakeel Bhat, a Muslim activist whose face became a personification of angry Islamism in the western media. The first photo dates back to his appearance in 2007 at a rally in Srinigar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir. Several other photos in other media outlets followed, and by November 2007, there were over one million hits for "Islamic Rage Boy" on Google and his face appeared on boxer shorts and bumper stickers.[64][65]
  • Kermit Bale – An internet meme[66] from the Livejournal gossip blog Oh No They Didn't in which the original poster constructed a detailed post pointing out the similarities between Kermit the Frog and actor Christian Bale.[67][68] In a mock interview with Netscape, Kermit "commented" on the phenomenon, saying: "I had absolutely no idea. But, now that I look at the internet, there sure are a lot of similarities between us. Christian and I haven't met, but I'm really looking forward to talking to him about this. As for the rumors that we're related: well, it's pretty unlikely, but since I'm one of 2,353 brothers and sisters, anything is a possibility."[69]
  • Little Fatty – Starting in 2003, the face of Qian Zhijun, a student from Shanghai, was superimposed onto various other images.[70][71]
  • LOLcat – A collection of humorous image macros featuring cats with misspelled phrases, such as, "I Can Has Cheezburger?".[72] The earliest versions of LOLcats appeared on 4chan, usually on Saturdays, which were designated "Caturday", as a day to post photos of cats.[73]
  • O RLY? – Originally a text phrase on Something Awful, and then an image macro done for 4chan. Based around a picture of a snowy owl.[74]
  • Oolong – Photos featured on a popular Japanese website of a rabbit that is famous for its ability to balance a variety of objects on its head.[75]
  • The Saugeen Stripper – A female student at the University of Western Ontario performed a striptease at a birthday party and dozens of digital images of the party ended up on the Internet.[76]
  • "Seriously McDonalds" – A photograph apparently showing racist policies introduced by McDonald's. The photograph, which is a hoax, went viral, especially on Twitter, in June 2011.[77]
  • Tron Guy – A husky, 48-year-old computer consultant, Jay Maynard, designed a Tron costume, complete with skin-tight spandex and light-up plastic armor, in 2003 for Penguicon 1.0 in Detroit, Michigan. The Internet phenomenon began when an article was posted to Slashdot, followed by Fark, including images of this costume.[78]
  • Vancouver Riot Kiss – An image of a young couple lying on the ground kissing each other behind a group of rioters during the riots following the Vancouver Canucks' Stanley Cup loss to the Boston Bruins on June 15, 2011. The couple, later identified as Australian Scott Jones and local resident Alexandra Thomas, actually were not kissing but Jones was consoling Thomas after being knocked down by a police charge.[79]

Music

Gary Brolsma, aka "The Numa Numa Guy"

Trading

The paperclip that Kyle MacDonald traded for a house

Videos

A geyser created by Diet Coke and Mentos
Amber Lee Ettinger, aka "Obama Girl"
  • Lonelygirl15 – A popular viral video spread via Youtube featuring a teenage girl named, "Bree", who would post video updates about a variety of issues dealing with the life of a typical teenager. It was later found to be a professionally made, fictional work, produced by Mesh Flinders in Beverly Hills and starring Jessica Lee Rose.[168]
  • Maru the cat – A running series of videos of a Scottish Fold cat taken by his Japanese owner that has a propensity to dive or jump into and out of boxes.[169][170]
  • Mélissa Theuriau – A French journalist and news anchor for M6. She became an internet phenomenon after a compilation video, entitled "Beautiful News Reporter",[171] was posted online. She was voted by Maxim readers as "TV's sexiest news anchor" in 2007.[172]
  • Music Is My Hot Hot Sex – Used in advertising then reached the top of YouTube's most watched list, due perhaps to a hack.[173][174]
  • Nek Minnit - A 10 second YouTube video from New Zealand featuring skater Levi Hawkin..[175] This video inspired the term Nek Minnit which is used at the end of a sentence in place of the words Next Minute, followed by a often halirous incident.[176] The video has received over 2 Million views and has been parodied several times on YouTube, the TV3 show The Jono Project ran a series of clips titled Food in a Nek Minnit which parodied a nightly advertisement called Food in a Minute. As a result of the video the term Nek Minnit was the most searched for word on Google in New Zealand for 2011. [177]
  • Nyan Cat – A YouTube video of an animated flying cat, set to a UTAU song. [178]
  • Obama Girl – A series of videos on YouTube featuring Amber Lee Ettinger that circulated during the 2008 US Presidential Election, starting with her singing, I Got a Crush... on Obama. It caught the attention of bloggers, mainstream media, other candidates, and achieved 12.5 million views on YouTube by January 1, 2009.[179]
  • The Peckham Terminator – A video filmed by two youths on August 1, 2010 of a man in his twenties screaming abuse at fellow passengers on the 37 bus at Rye Lane. The man uses racial abuse and tries to pick a fight with one passenger. The man finally smashes through the glass of the rear doors (after making a few attempts beforehand) and walks off unscathed. The youths filming the incident dub him the "Peckham Terminator", after the Arnold Schwarzenegger character.[180][181]
  • Puppy-throwing Marine viral video – A viral video from March 2008 of a US Marine on patrol in Iraq throwing a puppy off of a cliff. The video sparked outrage from numerous animal rights groups and was later removed from YouTube. The Marine was later identified as Lance Corporal David Motari, who was removed from the Marine Corps and received a non-judicial punishment. His accomplice, Sergeant Crismarvin Banez Encarnacion, received a non-judicial punishment as well.[182][183]
A Rick Astley impersonator rickrolling a basketball game
  • Rickrolling – A phenomenon involving posting a URL in an Internet forum that appears to be relevant to the topic at hand, but is, in fact, a link to a video of Rick Astley's Never Gonna Give You Up. The practice originated on 4chan as a "Duckroll", in which an image of a duck on wheels was what was linked to. The practice of Rickrolling became popular after April Fools' Day in 2008 when YouTube rigged every feature video on its home page to Rick Astley's song.[184][185]
  • Shreds – A series of mock videos made by Santeri Ojala a.k.a. StSanders. The videos show footage of famous rock guitarists and/or bands in their "shredding" moments, but feature Ojala's own purposely warped, yet precisely synchronized, guitar playing in place of the original audio.[186][187]
  • Star Wars Kid – A Québécois teenager who became known as the "Star Wars Kid" after a video appeared on the Internet showing him swinging a golf ball retriever as if it were a lightsaber. Many parodies of the video were also made and circulated.[85][188]
  • "This is my story" - A two-part video of 18-year old American internet personality, Ben Breedlove, explaining about his heart condition, using note cards as a visual aid. The YouTube video was released on December 18, 2011, a week prior to Breedlove's death, and received world-wide attention.[189][190][191][192][193]
  • Twin Baby Boys Having a Conversation – A video of two 17-month-old twin boys, Sam and Ren, having a "conversation" in their own special "language" was posted to YouTube by their mother and viewed by thousands of people in the next 24 hours.[194][195]
  • Tyson – Viral videos featuring a skateboarding bulldog.[196]
  • UFO Phil – A series of music videos and short films featuring cult celebrity UFO Phil, whose real name is Phil Hill. Phil is an American novelty songwriter most notable for appearing with George Noory on the radio program Coast to Coast AM.[197][198]
  • Very erotic very violent – An Internet catchphrase in the People's Republic of China, after a report by Xinwen Lianbo, the most viewed of China's state-sponsored news programs, where a young girl was reported to have come across content on the Internet which was "Very erotic, very violent". This incident sparked wide forms of parody on the Internet, and also questioned the credibility of the state broadcaster's newscasts.[199][200][201]
YouTube musicians from Lisa Lavie's online collaboration video "We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube Edition)" met on the same stage for a live reunion performance ten months later in Washington, D.C.[202][203]
  • "We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube Edition)" is a massively collaborative crowdsourced charity video, involving 57 geographically distributed unsigned or independent contributors, that was produced by Canadian singer-songwriter and YouTube personality Lisa Lavie to raise money for victims of the January 12, 2010 Haiti earthquake.[204] The video received repeated coverage on CNN,[204] and the video's participants were collectively named ABC News "Persons of the Week" on U.S. national television by television journalist Diane Sawyer in March 2010.[205]
  • What What (In the Butt) – A viral music video set to a song about anal sex by gay recording artist Samwell. The video was posted on Valentine's Day 2007, and two weeks later had already been viewed 500,000 times.[206]
  • Wii Fit Girl – A video entitled "Why every guy should buy their girlfriend a Wii Fit" showing 25-year-old Lauren Bernat hula hooping with the fitness video game in only her t-shirt and panties. The video was viewed more than 10 million times on YouTube by September 2010, and was suspected as being a viral marketing plot because both Bernat, and her boyfriend Giovanny Gutierrez, who filmed the footage, work in advertising. Nintendo has since denied the claim that it was a marketing plot.[207][208]
  • Winnebago Man – A series of profane video outtakes first circulated underground on VHS tape before YouTube videos turned them into an online sensation. The reclusive Rebney is the subject of a feature film, Winnebago Man.[209][210]
  • Youtube Poop – Video mashups in which users deconstruct and piece together video for psychedelic or absurdist effect.[211]
  • Zangief Kid (a.k.a "Little Zangief") – A video clip first seen on YouTube depicting a fight in school between two students, which begins with the smaller pupil punching the taller sixteen year old boy Casey Heynes, who in turn retaliates by lifting the boy upside down and slamming him on the ground. Casey has been nicknamed "The Zangief Kid" by many Internet users as the grappling move used closely resembles the Spinning Piledriver, the signature special move of the character Zangief from the Street Fighter video game series.[212]

Other

  • Creepypasta – Urban legends or scary stories circulating on the internet, many times revolving around specific videos or pictures. A notable example being Smile Dog, a picture of a husky with large human teeth and a mysterious hand in the background said to cause viewers to become suicidal.[213][214]
  • Figwit (abbreviated from "Frodo is great...who is that?") – a background elf character with only seconds of screen time and one line of dialog from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy played by Flight of the Conchords member Bret McKenzie, which became a fascination with a large number of fans. This ultimately led to McKenzie being brought back to play an elf in The Hobbit.[215][216][217]
  • I am lonely will anyone speak to me – A thread created on MovieCodec.com's forums, which has been described as the "Web's Top Hangout for Lonely Folk" by Wired Magazine.[218]
  • Illegal flower tribute – when Google China was threatening to withdraw from the country because of disputes with the government, supporters of Google from around Beijing laid flowers at the company's headquarters in Zhongguancun. The flowers donated by previous visitors were promptly removed by the security guards, one of whom said that people needed to apply for government permits in order not to make an "illegal flower tribute".[219]
  • Vuvuzelas – The near-constant playing of the buzz-sounding vuvuzela instrument during games of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa led to numerous vuvuzela-based memes, including YouTube temporarily adding a vuvuzela effect that could be added to any video during the World Cup.[220][221]
  • Zombie Jesus is reference that attempts to draw a humorous comparison between the Christian belief in the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and stories of zombies by suggesting that Jesus Christ was undead. Zombie Jesus Day is, by extension, a reference to Easter. [222]

See also

Portal icon Internet portal

References

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  172. ^ "Numbers don't add up – Sydney Morning Herald". The Sydney Morning Herald. March 6, 2008. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/03/06/1204402619704.html?feed=html. 
  173. ^ "YouTube questions Hot Sex video". http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=111701&in_page_id=34. 
  174. ^ "Nek Minnit". August 16, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq36Y-IN6fE. 
  175. ^ "Nek Minnit - Know Your Meme". http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/nek-minnit. 
  176. ^ "'Nek minnit' turns skater into national star". 18 December, 2011. http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/nek-minnit-turns-skater-into-star-4658028. 
  177. ^ Wei, William (May 3, 2011). "TOP VIRAL VIDEOS OF APRIL: What's A "Nyan Cat"?". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/05/03/businessinsider-top-viral-videos-of-april-2011-5.DTL. 
  178. ^ YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day. John Wiley & Sons. 2009. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-470-45969-0. http://books.google.com/?id=WaBicMvGidsC&pg=PA142&dq=obama+girl&cd=1#v=onepage&q=obama%20girl. Retrieved July 2, 2010. 
  179. ^ Ibrahim, Salha. 'Peckham Terminator' investigated by police after YouTube 'bus glass smash', Metro, London, 6 August 2010. Retrieved on 2010-08-11.
  180. ^ Davenport, Justin. Hunt for 'Peckham Terminator' in bus rampage, London Evening Standard, London, 6 August 2010. Retrieved on 2010-08-11.
  181. ^ "Video appears to show Marine abusing puppy". CNN. March 4, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/03/04/puppy.marine/index.html. Retrieved February 3, 2010. 
  182. ^ Mount, Mike (June 13, 2008). "Puppy-throwing Marine is removed from Corps". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/06/12/marine.puppy/index.html. Retrieved February 3, 2010. 
  183. ^ Jarboe, Greg (2009-08-17). YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–163. ISBN 978-0-470-45969-0. http://books.google.com/?id=WaBicMvGidsC&pg=PA162&dq=rickrolling&cd=1#v=onepage&q=. 
  184. ^ Michaels, Sean (March 19, 2008). "Taking the Rick: Twenty years after "Never Gonna Give You Up", Rick Astley became an Internet phenomenon – and an unlikely weapon against Scientology". London: The Guardian. http://music.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,2266526,00.html. Retrieved January 21, 2010. 
  185. ^ Verrico, Lisa (Feb. 10, 2008). "How StSanders shreds the stars". London: The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article3320158.ece. Retrieved Nov. 28, 2010. 
  186. ^ Phan, Monty (Oct. 17, 2007). "Hilarious YouTube Parodies 'Shred' Guitar Gods". Wired News. http://www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2007/10/shredders. Retrieved Nov. 28, 2010. 
  187. ^ "Star Wars Kid is top viral video". BBC News. 2006-11-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6187554.stm. Retrieved 2007-02-21. 
  188. ^ "Teenager posts heartbreaking video of near death experiences just one week before dying". Independent. December 28, 2011. http://www.independent.ie/world-news/americas/teenager-posts-heartbreaking-video-of-near-death-experiences-just-one-week-before-dying-2973996.html. Retrieved January 7, 2011. 
  189. ^ Breuer, Howard (December 29, 2011). "Teen Died on Christmas, Left Behind Candid Message on YouTube". People Magazine. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20557271,00.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012. 
  190. ^ Tozzi, Robert (December 28, 2011). "Texas Teen Leaves Behind Inspirational Video After Christmas Death". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/health/2011/12/29/texas-teen-leaves-behind-inspirational-video-after-christmas-death/#ixzz1hwaAT8sq. Retrieved January 7, 2012. 
  191. ^ "Teen shares heartbreaking life and death on video". Herald Sun. December 29, 2011. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/world/teen-shares-heartbreaking-life-and-death-on-video/story-e6frf7lf-1226231925918. Retrieved January 7, 2012. 
  192. ^ Ninemsn Staff (December 27, 2011). "Sick teen's heartbreaking final message". Ninemsn. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8395432/sick-teens-heartbreaking-final-message. Retrieved December 29, 2011. 
  193. ^ "Twins on YouTube show babies can hold feisty conversations". KABC-TV. March 30, 2011. http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/bizarre&id=8043080. Retrieved March 31, 2011. 
  194. ^ "Video Of Baby Conversation Goes Viral". WISN.com. March 30, 2011. http://www.wisn.com/r/27372418/detail.html. Retrieved March 31, 2011. 
  195. ^ "Nobody Puts YouTube Stars in the Corner". November 6, 2007. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20158663,00.html. Retrieved February 4, 2010. 
  196. ^ http://www.youtube.com/v/NG3HKtChuAo&autoplay=1&fs=1&autoplay=1
  197. ^ 'UFO Phil' Wants to Put a Pyramid on Pikes Peak
  198. ^ "a young girl who said webpages are very erotic very violent got ??". Donews. http://www.chinesenewsweek.com/MainNews/EntDigest/Life/2008_1_6_15_43_51_752.html. Retrieved 2008-01-09. [dead link]
  199. ^ "Officers of State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television". http://www.ce.cn/cysc/tech/07hlw/guonei/200801/07/t20080107_14132430.shtml. 
  200. ^ "女生上"新闻联播"称网页很黄很暴力遭恶搞" (in Chinese). People's Daily Online. http://edu.people.com.cn/GB/6740971.html. Retrieved 2008-01-08. 
  201. ^ "We Are The World (YouTube Edition) is one of the top 50 videos that defined You Tube for 2010" includes interviews of Lisa Lavie, J. Rice, members of Ahmir (group), and Maria Zouroudis (WebCite archive), The Star Scoop music news section, December 31, 2010.
  202. ^ Custeau, Jonathan (La Tribune), "Deuxième tour du monde sur YouTube pour Heidi Jutras" ("Second World Tour on YouTube for Heidi Jutras") (WebCite archive), La Presse (Canadian newspaper), May 27, 2011.
  203. ^ a b Textual transcripts of programs on which the CNN videos aired, are found at "CNN SATURDAY MORNING NEWS" (March 6, 2010), "CNN NEWSROOM" (March 6, 2010), and "CNN SUNDAY MORNING" (March 7, 2010).
  204. ^ Sawyer, Diane, "Persons of the Week" feature, ABC World News with Diane Sawyer (March 19, 2010). National television news feature can be seen in the "Lisa Lavie's Interview with Diane Sawyer on ABC World News" video posted to YouTube channel LLjustlikeamovie on March 19, 2010.
  205. ^ "Samwell asks the eternal question: "You want to do it in my butt?"". Riverfront Times. February 28, 2007. http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2007-02-28/news/samwell-asks-the-eternal-question-you-want-to-do-it-in-my-butt. Retrieved July 2, 2010. 
  206. ^ Rivera, Julie (June 12, 2008). "'Wii Fit Girl' not a marketing ploy for Nintendo". CNET Networks. http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-9967017-1.html. Retrieved February 16, 2010. 
  207. ^ Moore, Matthew (June 10, 2008). "Wii Fit underwear girl is YouTube sensation". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2105747/Wii-Fit-underwear-girl-is-YouTube-sensation.html. Retrieved February 16, 2010. 
  208. ^ Leckart, Steven (2010-03-22). "5 Secrets of YouTube's Success". Wired. http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/03/ff_youtube_5secrets/. Retrieved 2010-04-04. 
  209. ^ Knegt, Peter (2010-03-11). "Kino Drives "Winnebago" To U.S. Release". Indiewire. http://www.indiewire.com/article/kino_drives_winnebago_to_u.s._release/. Retrieved 2010-04-04. 
  210. ^ Stryker, Cole (2011). Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan?s Army Conquered the Web. Penguin. http://books.google.ca/books?id=cbWNirl8gsMC&pg=PT177#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  211. ^ "Zangief Kid' Owns a Playground Bully and Gets Suspended, Anonymous Backs Him Up". March 16, 2011. http://www.urlesque.com/2011/03/16/zangief-kid-casey-heynes-bully-anonymous/. Retrieved March 16, 2011. 
  212. ^ Considine, Austin (2011-05-04). "Bored at Work? Try Creepypasta, or Web Scares". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/fashion/14noticed.html. Retrieved 2011-05-04. 
  213. ^ "Nightmare urban legend, myth or real?". KFOR. 2011-04-29. http://www.kfor.com/news/local/kfor-news-nightmare-urban-legend-story,0,4054547.story. Retrieved 2011-04-29. 
  214. ^ Poole, Oliver (December 13, 2002). "Elf who launched a thousand hits". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3587070/Elf-who-launched-a-thousand-hits.html. Retrieved April 6, 2011. 
  215. ^ Poole, Oliver (January 11, 2003). "The elf who turned into a chick magnet". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/10/1041990093364.html. Retrieved April 6, 2011. 
  216. ^ McNary, Dave (April 4, 2011). "'Conchords' star McKenzie an elf in 'The Hobbit'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118034972. Retrieved April 6, 2011. 
  217. ^ Andrews, Robert (June 30, 2005). "Misery Loves (Cyber) Company". Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/06/68010. Retrieved March 25, 2011. 
  218. ^ Evan Osnos. China and Google: “Illegal Flower Tribute”, The New Yorker, 14 January 2010.
  219. ^ Brown, Damon (2010-07-09). "Vuvuzela chorus may peak online Sunday". CNN. http://articles.cnn.com/2010-07-09/tech/vuvuzelas.youtube_1_vuvuzela-youtube-swarm?_s=PM:TECH. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  220. ^ Frank, Sarah (2010-07-09). "Requiem for a Bzzzzzzzzz". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2010/07/09/requiem-for-a-bzzzzzzzzz.html. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
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