Iris flower data set
The Iris flower data set or Fisher's Iris data set is a multivariate data set introduced by Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1936) as an example of discriminant analysis.[1] It is sometimes called Anderson's Iris data set because Edgar Anderson collected the data to quantify the geographic variation of Iris flowers in the Gaspé Peninsula.[2]
The dataset consists of 50 samples from each of three species of Iris flowers (Iris setosa, Iris virginica and Iris versicolor). Four features were measured from each sample, they are the length and the width of sepal and petal, in centimeters. Based on the combination of the four features, Fisher developed a linear discriminant model to distinguish the species from each other.
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[edit] Use of the data set
Based on Fisher's linear discriminant model, this data set became a typical test case for many classification techniques in machine learning such as support vector machines.
The use of this data set in cluster analysis however is uncommon, since the data set only contains two clusters with rather obvious separation. One of the clusters contains the Iris setosa species, while the other cluster contains both Iris virginica and Iris versicolor and is not separable without the species information Fisher used. This makes the data set a good example to explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised techniques in data mining: Fishers linear discriminant model can only be obtained when the object species are known.
[edit] Data set
| Sepal Length | Sepal Width | Petal Length | Petal Width | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.9 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.6 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.4 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 4.6 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.4 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.9 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | setosa |
| 5.4 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.8 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.8 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.1 | setosa |
| 4.3 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | setosa |
| 5.8 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.7 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 5.4 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 5.7 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 5.4 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 4.6 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 | setosa |
| 4.8 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 5.2 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.2 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.8 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.4 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 5.2 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | setosa |
| 5.5 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.9 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.5 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.9 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 0.1 | setosa |
| 4.4 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 4.5 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 4.4 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 0.6 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.4 | setosa |
| 4.8 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.3 | setosa |
| 5.1 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 4.6 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 5.0 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa |
| 7.0 | 3.2 | 4.7 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 6.4 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 6.9 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 5.5 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.5 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 5.7 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.3 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 1.6 | versicolor |
| 4.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 6.6 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.2 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 5.0 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 5.9 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 6.0 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 6.1 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 5.6 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.7 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 5.6 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 5.8 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 6.2 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 5.6 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 1.1 | versicolor |
| 5.9 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 1.8 | versicolor |
| 6.1 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.3 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 6.1 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 1.2 | versicolor |
| 6.4 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.6 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 6.8 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 6.7 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 1.7 | versicolor |
| 6.0 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 5.7 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 5.5 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 1.1 | versicolor |
| 5.5 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 5.8 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 1.2 | versicolor |
| 6.0 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 1.6 | versicolor |
| 5.4 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 6.0 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 1.6 | versicolor |
| 6.7 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 1.5 | versicolor |
| 6.3 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.6 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.5 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.5 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 1.2 | versicolor |
| 6.1 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 1.4 | versicolor |
| 5.8 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 1.2 | versicolor |
| 5.0 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | versicolor |
| 5.6 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.7 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 1.2 | versicolor |
| 5.7 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.2 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 5.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.1 | versicolor |
| 5.7 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 1.3 | versicolor |
| 6.3 | 3.3 | 6.0 | 2.5 | virginica |
| 5.8 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 1.9 | virginica |
| 7.1 | 3.0 | 5.9 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 6.3 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.5 | 3.0 | 5.8 | 2.2 | virginica |
| 7.6 | 3.0 | 6.6 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 4.9 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 1.7 | virginica |
| 7.3 | 2.9 | 6.3 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.7 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 7.2 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 2.5 | virginica |
| 6.5 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 6.4 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 1.9 | virginica |
| 6.8 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 5.7 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 5.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 2.4 | virginica |
| 6.4 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 6.5 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 7.7 | 3.8 | 6.7 | 2.2 | virginica |
| 7.7 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 6.0 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 1.5 | virginica |
| 6.9 | 3.2 | 5.7 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 5.6 | 2.8 | 4.9 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 7.7 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 6.3 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.7 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 7.2 | 3.2 | 6.0 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.2 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.1 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.4 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 7.2 | 3.0 | 5.8 | 1.6 | virginica |
| 7.4 | 2.8 | 6.1 | 1.9 | virginica |
| 7.9 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 6.4 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 2.2 | virginica |
| 6.3 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 1.5 | virginica |
| 6.1 | 2.6 | 5.6 | 1.4 | virginica |
| 7.7 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 6.3 | 3.4 | 5.6 | 2.4 | virginica |
| 6.4 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.0 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 1.8 | virginica |
| 6.9 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 2.1 | virginica |
| 6.7 | 3.1 | 5.6 | 2.4 | virginica |
| 6.9 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 5.8 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 1.9 | virginica |
| 6.8 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 6.7 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 2.5 | virginica |
| 6.7 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 6.3 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 1.9 | virginica |
| 6.5 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 2.0 | virginica |
| 6.2 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 2.3 | virginica |
| 5.9 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 1.8 | virginica |
[edit] References
- ^ Fisher, R.A. (1936). "The Use of Multiple Measurements in Taxonomic Problems". Annals of Eugenics 7 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x. http://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/coll/special//fisher/138.pdf.
- ^ Edgar Anderson (1935). "The irises of the Gaspé Peninsula". Bulletin of the American Iris Society 59: 2–5.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- "Fisher's Iris Data". (Contains two errors which are documented). UCI Machine Learning Repository: Iris Data Set. http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Iris.
