Isaac Crewdson
| Isaac Crewdson | |
|---|---|
 Isaac Crewdson at the back of the painting of the 1840 meeting on Anti-Slavery.[1] |
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| Born | 6 June 1780 Kendal |
| Died | 8 May 1844 Bowness |
| Resting place | Rusholme Road cemetery, Manchester |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Minister |
| Known for | leading the Beaconites |
| Religion | Quaker |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Jowitt |
| Children | 1 |
Isaac Crewdson (6 June 1780 – 8 May 1844)[2] was a minister of the Quaker meeting in Manchester who published a book, A Beacon to the Society of Friends, that triggered a split that affected Quakers throughout England. The book was said to have "set off ... a volcanic explosion".[3]
Contents |
[edit] Life
Isaac Crewdson was born in 1780 in Kendal but moved in his teens to Manchester. He successfully entered the cotton trade and became a mill owner. He had been brought up in the Society of Friends but it was not until later that he became empowered by evangelism.[4]
Crewdson married Elizabeth Jowitt of Leeds in about 27 July 1803[2] and he was said to be related to many Quakers around the country.[5] He rose to be a traditionalist Quaker minister from 1816 in the Society of Friends although his convictions were later questioned by his studies. In January 1835 he published, at a book fair in Frankfurt, A Beacon to the Society of Friends which highlighted a dichotomy he saw between the Bible's teachings and the doctrines of his church.[6]
Joseph John Gurney, a senior figure in his church, saw the book as reviving the works of Elias Hicks, whose thoughts had been largely abandoned in his native America. The book nominally was an attack on Hicks, but the defence used more quotes from the scriptures than it did from Hicks' work. The commentary meanwhile was provoking. Gurney saw the book as containing "delusions and perversions" which "undermined" the work of the Quakers.[4]
The book focussed the controversy and aroused discussion not only within the Manchester group, but in other societies across both England and America. Crewdson was a force to be recognised: it was recounted that he had managed to persuade a Quaker meeting to build a meeting house not only for them, but large enough to hold ten per cent of all the Quakers in the country at that time.[3] Unusually, Crewdson was baptised by a minister in London. It is thought that this is the first time a Quaker minister was baptised. He stopped being a minister in November 1836 when he wrote a letter of resignation noting his regret but also his belief that the Quakers had moved away from scripture and some of their founders' writings were blasphemous.[7] In 1836 and the following year, nearly fifty people left the Manchester meeting and another 300 left other meetings throughout the country.[4][8] This argument split families like LLoyds (the bankers)[5] and ended businesses like the Benson and Cropper partnership.[8]
In 1836-7 meetings were set up of Quaker elders, including Josiah Forster, who unsuccessfully tried to heal the schism in the Quakers caused by the Beaconite Controversy, but the roots of the differences had started as early as 1831 and proved to be unreconcilable.[4]
Crewdson is shown in the accompanying painting at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery meeting. He had been chosen to be amongst those selected to be in the commemorative painting, but it is Joseph Gurney, Josiah Forster and other senior Quakers who dominate the foreground.
[edit] Death and legacy
Crewdson died at Bowness on 8 May 1844, and was buried at Rusholme Road cemetery, Chorlton on Medlock, Manchester.[6] His followers, who called themselves Evangelical Friends and were called Beaconites, drifted away and many became Plymouth Brethren. His daughter, Mary Crewdson married.[clarification needed] The last surviving member of the Quaker committee who demanded Crewdson's resignation believed 35 years later that their decision with respect to Crewdson was mistaken.[3]
[edit] Works
 |
Wikisource has original works written by or about: Isaac Crewdson |
- Hints on a Musical Festival at Manchester, (1827)
- Trade to the East Indies[9] (c.1827).
- The Doctrine of the New Testament on Prayer (1831)
- A Beacon to the Society of Friends (1835)
- A Defence of the Beacon (1836)
- Water Baptism an Ordinance of Christ (1837)
- The Trumpet Blown, or an Appeal to the Society of Friends (1838)
- Observations on the New Birth (1844)
- abridgments of Baxter's Saint's Rest
- abridgments of Andrew Fuller's Religious Declension
[edit] References
- ^ a b The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840, Benjamin Robert Haydon, 1841, National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG599, Given by British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1880
- ^ a b Stunt, Timothy C.F. (May 2008). "Oxford DNB article: Crewdson, Isaac". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6688. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2667. Retrieved 10 January 2010. subscription or UK public library membership required
- ^ a b c Kennedy, Thomas C. (2001). British Quakerism, 1860–1920: the transformation of a religious community p 26. Oxford University Press. p. 477. ISBN 978-0-19-827035-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iIDIlhlnuCsC&pg=PA26&dq=%22isaac+crewdson%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=0V9HS9PAKqb4MaGqlZcO&client=firefox-a&cd=12#v=onepage&q=%22isaac%20crewdson%22&f=false. Retrieved January 2010.
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Anna Braithwaite (Third Month, 1912). "The Beaconite Controversy". Bulletin of Friends' Historical Society (Philadelphia) IV: 70–81. http://www.qhpress.org/quakerpages/qwhp/bfhstbc.htm. Retrieved January 2010.
- ^ a b Lloyd, Humfrey (2006). The Quaker Lloyds in the Industrial Revolution 1660–1860 p262. Taylor & Francis. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-415-38161-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RFrLvwFq0qEC&pg=PA262&lpg=PA262&dq=isaac+crewdson&source=bl&ots=rInZxO089E&sig=9UiEjlOppasxANYYIrPaquL20l4&hl=en&ei=UgZHS8rvIsHV4gaWr8H3Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CBYQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=isaac%20crewdson&f=false. Retrieved January 2010.
- ^ a b
Sutton, Charles William (1885–1900). "Crewdson, Isaac". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. - ^ Jones, Robert Tudur; Alan P. F. Sell, David William Bebbington, Kenneth Dix, Alan Ruston (2006). Protestant Nonconformist Texts: The nineteenth century p78. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-7546-3850-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=DzafTALcbUAC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=Isaac+Crewdson&source=bl&ots=zeP9qwohBG&sig=YZH_xA4gvxBDWe9qFuRKxTti5B0&hl=en&ei=CQ1HS7mYHpC14gauy62IAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CBUQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=Isaac%20Crewdson&f=false.
- ^ a b Wake, Jehane (1997). Kleinwort Benson. Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 0-19-828299-0.
- ^ referring to West Indian slavery
