Italian Sign Language

Italian Sign Language
Signed in	Italy
Native signers	tens of thousands  (date missing)
Language family	French sign Italian Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ise

Italian Sign Language or ISL (Lingua dei Segni Italiana, or LIS) is the visual language employed by deaf people in Italy. Deep analysis of it began in the 1980s, along the lines of William Stokoe's research on American Sign Language in the 1960s. Until recently, most of the studies about Italian Sign Language have dealt with its phonology and vocabulary. According to the European Union for the Deaf, the majority of the 60,000 Deaf use ISL.

Structure

Like many signed languages, ISL is in some ways different from its "spoken neighbour"; thus, it has little in common with spoken Italian, but shares some features with non-Indo-European oral languages (e.g. it is verb final, like the Basque language; it has inclusive and exclusive pronominal forms like oceanic languages; interrogative particles are verb final (You go where?).

A sign variety of spoken Italian also exists, the so-called Signed Italian (Italiano Segnato) which combines ISL lexicon with the grammar of spoken Italian: this is not Italian Sign Language, however.

Some features of ISL are typical of signed languages in general, e.g. agreement between nouns, adjectives and verbs is not based on gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) but it is based on place, that is the spatial position in which the sign is performed: nouns can be placed everywhere in the space but their position must be consistent with that of pronouns and verbs. The ISL translation of the sentence "The child speaks to the mother" appears as Child-here mother-there this-speak-that , rather than involving forms like "he, she". The voice intonation is replaced by facial expressions which mark interrogative sentences, imperatives and relative clauses. Other features of Italian Sign Language which can be found also in oral languages are: classifiers; dual, trial, quattrial and even quinquial forms in addition to the general plural; verbs inflected for person.

External links

• "Signs as Words", a divulgative website on italian Deaf people and ISL
• http://elis.eurac.edu Il primo Dizionario elettronico di base bilingue LIS-italiano (http://elis.eurac.edu/diz)
• DIZLIS
• The Grammar of LIS (.PDF)
• Mason Perkins Deafness Fund
• "Collana Cultura Sorda" è la più importante e accurata raccolta italiana di libri e pubblicazioni per imparare, insegnare o affinare la Lingua Italiana dei Segni. Curata da Mason Perkins Deafness Fund.
• www.eud.eu