Jack Edwards (Hong Kong)

Jack Edwards
A 79-year-old Jack Edwards flies the Union Jack at half-staff in September 1997 from his 27th-floor flat, to mark Princess Diana's death
Born	Cardiff, Wales
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Rank	Sergeant
Unit	Royal Corps of Signals
Battles/wars	Battle of Singapore
Awards	OBE
Other work	Housing officer and manager in Hong Kong

Jack Edwards, OBE (Chinese: 艾華士, 24 May 1918 – 13 August 2006), was a former British World War II army sergeant and a POW, most well known for his dedicated efforts of tracking down Japanese war criminals and the relentless determination displayed in defending the rights of Hong Kong war veterans.

Early life

Jack Edwards was born in Cardiff, Wales on 24 May 1918.

British Army career

Edwards was an army sergeant in the Royal Corps of Signals when Singapore fell to the Japanese in February 1942. He was interned for some time by the Japanese in the notorious Changi jail before transported to the then Japanese colony of Taiwan. Edwards was put into the Kinkaseki POW camp, a mountainous region near Jiufen, where he and 526 other inmates were forced to work the copper mine daily in tropical heat. His team was required to bring out 24 bogeys of copper every single day, if not, they were then beaten. Only 64 survived when the Japanese finally surrendered in 1945. He and others were so emaciated that their eyes were sunken and their bodies mere skeletons of their former selves. He was rescued by US Marines who later made him an honorary Marine.

After World War II

Edwards spent a year recuperating in Britain, then in 1946 he returned to Asia to help in the apprehension of Japanese war criminals and to give evidence at their trials. While visiting Kinkaseki he found Document No. 2701 — the only surviving copy of the Japanese order to massacre all prisoners of war if the Allies landed on the Japanese home islands — and an important piece of evidence at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal.

On his return to South Wales Edwards worked in local government. There, he felt an active discouragement from talking about the horrors he experienced as a POW. Unable to settle, he left for Hong Kong in 1963. Edwards took up a post as a housing officer in the housing department of the Hong Kong administration. Later, he became a senior housing manager for Hongkong Land. There, he was actively involved in the Hong Kong Ex-Servicemen's Association as well as the Royal British Legion, becoming later on its chairman.

Life as a campaigner

In 1989, after the Tiananmen Massacre in Beijing, Edwards started to help the Hong Kong people with the British Dependent Territories Citizenship (BDTC), to fight for the recognition as British Citizens with the right of abode in the United Kingdom from the British Government. He was featured in the open forum "Hong Kong - A Matter of Honour" which organized by the Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). He was in favour to the Hong Kong people by showing a Union Jack flag which was hoisted in Hong Kong during 1945, and proclaimed the contributions from the British Army and local veterans in the program.

Through his dogged, tireless efforts as the chairman of the Royal British Legion (Hong Kong and China branch), in 1991 Edwards succeeded in winning monthly pension awards from the British government to ethnic Chinese veterans and their widows.

A greater triumph came in 1997 when Edwards fought and won the granting of British citizenship to wives and widows of those veterans.

He spoke out for the many in Hong Kong who during the occupation, had been forced to sell their businesses as well as property to the Japanese in exchange for the worthless Japanese military yen.

Personal life

Edwards's first marriage ended because of the war. In 1990, he married Polly Tam So-lan, a former member of a Chinese People's Liberation Army dance troupe whom he met in the 1970s. They lived in a flat in Sha Tin in the New Territories. Both he and Polly loved dancing by practising to the tunes of Taiwanese songs in their small living-room. Edwards spoke fluent Cantonese. He is survived by his wife and her daughter by her first marriage.

Trivia

• It took him 45 years to write his book Banzai You Bastards!.
• The first translator of his book, the Japanese journalist Shinji Nagino, was murdered in Montreal with two-thirds of the way to go.
• After being requested by Diana, Princess of Wales to find the grave of Major-General Merton Beckwith-Smith, the father of Princess Diana's lady-in-waiting who had died as a POW in Japan, Edwards managed to locate it.
• In 1981 the National Film Board of Canada released A War Story: Based on the Diaries of Dr. Ben Wheeler, the Canadian doctor in the Kinkasekihe camp. Jack Edwards was a featured commentator in the film, along with several other former POWs who were interviewed in the documentary.
• In 2000, a memorial was erected in Kinkaseki to which Edwards returned for the second time with the help of a grant of £10,000 from the British Government.
• Edwards and his other POW survivors escaped impending death at the hands of their Japanese captors by a mere two days due to the dropping of the two American atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• When American aircraft began to drop supplies into Edwards' POW camp near the end of the war, several POWs and civilians were killed by the supplies which were dropped too low for their parachutes to work. Edwards was the only one to know flag semaphore in the camp as he had learned it in the Boys' Brigade. As Edwards frantically signalled "Don't Drop" the American aircraft circling overhead was about to drop supplies on top of him until the crew realised Edwards' signals. Interestingly, there was only one crew member on the aircraft who could read semaphore and he had learned it in the Boy Scouts of America.

Quotes

“

The Allies rebuilt Japan and Germany and Italy. Nobody rebuilt our lives. The tears and nightmares will remain 'til death. I'm willing to forgive. None of us should forget.

”

Further reading

• POW rights campaigner Jack Edwards dies, Taipei Times
• Jack Edwards, Telegraph
• Gov't mourns WWII veteran Jack Edwards Announcement from the Hong Kong Government