Jacob Shallus
| United States Constitution | |
 Page one of the original copy of the Constitution
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| Created | September 17, 1787 |
| Ratified | June 21, 1788 |
| Location | National Archives, Washington, D.C. |
| Author(s) | Delegates of the Philadelphia Convention |
| Signatories | 39 of the 55 Philadelphia Convention delegates |
| Purpose | National constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation |
| United States of America |
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Jacob Shallus (or Shalus; 1750–April 18, 1796[1]) was the engrosser or penman of the original copy of the United States Constitution. The handwritten document that Shallus engrossed is on display at the National Archives Building in Washington.
Shallus was a Pennsylvanian of Dutch ancestry. His brother Thomas Shallus was a mapmaker. He was born a year after his father Valentine immigrated to Pennsylvania and was a volunteer in the Revolutionary War. During the war Shallus fought in Canada and became a quartermaster of Pennsylvania's 1st Battalion. Shallus also assisted in the outfitting a a privateering vessel, the Retrieve.[2] At the time of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Shallus served as Assistant Clerk to the Pennsylvania General Assembly, which met at the Pennsylvania State House (today known as Independence Hall). The convention's desire for speedy drafting and Shallus' convenience to the convention's meeting may have influenced his choice as engrosser.[2]
Shallus' name appears nowhere on the document itself, but an investigation into the identity of the Penman in 1937 for the 150th anniversary of the Constitution revealed the identity of the transcriber. Shallus was paid $30 for his engrossing work, a sum recorded as for "clerks employed to transcribe & engross."[2] The effort consisted of copying the Constitution of four sheets of vellum parchment, made from treated animal skin and measuring approximately 28 inches (71 cm) by 23 inches (58 cm), probably with a goose quill. Shallus engrossed the entire document except for the list of states at the end of the document, which are in Alexander Hamilton's handwriting.[2]
Shallus is also credited as Assistant Secretary in the 1790 re-authoring of the State Constitution of Pennsylvania.
Shallus married Elizabeth Melchor, sister to Col. Isaac Melcher, Barrack-Master-General of the Revolutionary Army. Her obituary from the Democratic Press (Pennsylvania), Aug. 3, 1818, p. 3 notes that she was "one of those patriotic Ladies of Philadelphia who first associated together and supplied the suffering soldiers with shirts, stockings, &c. in that eventful period of the revolution, which tried and apalled [sic] even men's souls."
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Prologue Winter 2002, Vol. 34, No. 4, Travels of the Charters of Freedom
- National Park Service Educational Document
- History of Penmanship
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