Jahiliyyah
 |
Look up jahiliyyah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
| This article is part of the series: |
| Islam |
|---|
 |
|
|
Jahiliyyah (Arabic: جاهلية ǧāhiliyyah/jāhilīyah "ignorance") is an Islamic concept of "ignorance of divine guidance" or "the state of ignorance of the guidance from God"[1] or "Days of Ignorance"[2] referring to the condition in which Arabs found themselves in pre-Islamic Arabia, i.e. prior to the revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad. The root of the term jahiliyyah is the I-form verb yajhalu "to be ignorant or stupid, to act stupidly".[3] By extension, it has come to refer to the state of anyone not following Islam and the Qur'an.
Contents |
[edit] In the Qur'an
The term jahiliyyah is used several places in the Qur'an, and translations often use various terms to represent it:
3:154 Then, following misery, He sent down upon you a feeling of security, a slumber overcoming a party among you, while another party cared only for themselves, thinking false thoughts about God, thoughts fit for the Age of Idolatry. 5:50 Do they truly desire the law of paganism? But who is fairer than God in judgment for a people firm of faith? 33:33 Remain in your homes, and do not display your adornments, as was the case with the earlier Age of Barbarism. 48:26 For the unbelievers had planted in their hearts a zealotry, the zealotry of lawlessness ...
[edit] Muslim scholarship
Medieval Islamic scholar ibn Taymiyyah was probably the first to use the term to describe backsliders in contemporary Muslim society [4]. In the 20th century, Indian Islamist writer Abul Ala Maududi wrote of it.[5] Sayyid Qutb popularized the term in his influential work Ma'alim fi al-Tariq "Milestones", with the shocking assertion that "the Muslim community has been extinct for a few centuries."[6]
When a person embraced Islam during the time of the Prophet, he would immediately cut himself off from Jahiliyyah. When he stepped into the circle of Islam, he would start a new life, separating himself completely from his past life under ignorance of the Divine Law. He would look upon the deeds during his life of ignorance with mistrust and fear, with a feeling that these were impure and could not be tolerated in Islam! With this feeling, he would turn toward Islam for new guidance; and if at any time temptations overpowered him, or the old habits attracted him, or if he became lax in carrying out the injunctions of Islam, he would become restless with a sense of guilt and would feel the need to purify himself of what had happened, and would turn to the Qur'an to mold himself according to its guidance. —Sayyid Qutb[1] [7]
[edit] Jahili poetry
With the period before the coming of Islam being defined as the time of "Jahiliyyah", pre-Islamic poetry is commonly referred to in Arabic as "الشعر الجاهلي" or Jahili poetry - literally "the ignorant poetry". Although so named, however, what survives of this poetry is well regarded as the finest of Arabic poetry to date (see Pre-Islamic poetry).
[edit] Jahiliyya in contemporary society
Use of the term for modern Muslim society is usually associated with Qutb's other radical ideas (or Qutbism) -- namely that reappearance of Jahiliyya is a result of the lack of Sharia law, without which Islam cannot exist;[8] that true Islam is a complete system with no room for any element of Jahiliyya;[9] that all aspects of Jahiliyya ("manners, ideas and concepts, rules and regulations, values and criteria") are "evil and corrupt"[10]
Non-Muslim societies may also be termed jahili (Arabic: جاهلي ǧāhilī ). One western academic has compared the idea of contemporary Jahiliyya in some radical Islamic circles to the secular Marxist idea of false consciousness[11] - in each case the masses being unaware they are not following their true consciousness by rising up to overthrow the capitalist system and replacing it with socialism (in the case of Marxism); or overthrow the secular state and replace it with the true Islam of strict sharia law (in the case of Qutbism).
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.11, 19
- ^ G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, Islam: An Illustrated History, p. 27
- ^ Amros, Arne A. and Stephan Pocházka 2004: A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic, Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden
- ^ ibn Taymiyya: al-Wasaiyyah as-Sughraa in Majmu' al-Fatawa
- ^ Sivan, Radical Islam, p.65, 128; Kepel, Muslim, p.194
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.9
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.19
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.9, 82
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.32, 47
- ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.9, 132
- ^ Messages to the World, the Statements of Osama bin Laden, edited and introduced by Bruce Lawrence, Verso, 2005, footnote on p.16
[edit] Further reading
- ^ Milestones
- Dr. Hina Azam. "Terrorism: A Return to Jahiliyya". alt.muslim. http://www.altmuslim.com/perm.php?id=1535_0_25_0_C. Retrieved 2005-12-01.
- Kepel, Gilles (1985). The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt. Al Saqi. ISBN 0-86356-118-7.
- Qutb, Sayyid (1981). Milestones. The Mother Mosque Foundation.
- Sivan, Emmanuel (1985). Radical Islam : Medieval Theology and Modern Politics. Yale University Press.
