Jazz dance
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Jazz dance is an umbrella term that can refer to several related dance styles. All of them are connected via common roots, namely tap, ballet, jazz music, and African-American rhythms and dance.
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[edit] History
Jazz dance originated from the African American vernacular dance of the late 1800s to the mid-1900s.
Until the mid 1950s, the term "jazz dance" often referred to tap dance, because tap dancing (set to jazz music) was the main performance dance of the era. During the later jazz age, popular forms of jazz dance were the Cakewalk, Black Bottom (dance), Charleston, Jitterbug, Boogie Woogie, Swing dancing and the related Lindy Hop.
After the 1950s, pioneers such as Katherine Dunham took the essence of Caribbean traditional dance and made it into a performing art. With the growing domination of other forms of entertainment music, jazz dance evolved on Broadway into the new, smooth style that is taught today and known as Modern Jazz, while tap dance branched off to follow its own, separate evolutionary path. The performance style of jazz dance was popularized to a large extent by Bob Fosse’s work, which is exemplified by Broadway shows such as Chicago, Cabaret, Damn Yankees, and The Pajama Game.
Today, jazz dance is present in many different forms and venues. Jazz dance is commonly taught in dance schools and performed by dance companies around the world. It continues to be an essential element of musical theatre choreography, where it may be interwoven with other dance styles as appropriate for a particular show. Jazz dancing can be seen in music videos, in competitive dance, and on the television show, So You Think You Can Dance.HI
[edit] Technique
Technique is the foundation for all dance movement. A strong technical foundation which enables a dancer to focus on the stylistic and performance aspects of dance. Technique is essential for leaps and turns, where correct posture is essential to properly execute such moves. Also, jazz dancers' strong and sharp movements are greatly aided by a good background in ballet technique. However, while ballet movement emphasizes the upbeat of music, jazz dance emphasizes the downbeat.
Center control is important in jazz technique. The body's center is the focal point from which all movement emanates, thus making it possible to maintain balance while executing powerful movements.
Spotting is important as a turning technique as well. This technique enables a dancer to execute Pirouettes and fouetté's without becoming dizzy.
Jazz classes require some form of moderate intensity stretching in order to warm up the muscles and help prevent injuries. Some techniques used in the warm up consist of elongating leg muscles and strengthening the core.
Most jazz dancers wear leather jazz shoes, coloured either black or beige, to help them move smoothly when executing turns (e.g. pirouette).
[edit] Common dance moves
Although jazz dance can be performed its traditional form, it is often influenced by other dance styles such as acro, ballet, contemporary, lyrical, and hip hop. In turn, many other dance styles are influenced by jazz dance.
Common jazz dance moves include:
- Ball change
- Jeté
- Split Leap
- Switch Leap/Swish Split
- Stag Leap
- Pas de bourrée
- Piqué passé
- Pirouette
- Pivot step
- Renversé
- Toe Rise
- Touch step
- Chancé
- Chaîné Turns
- Posé Turns
- Step-ball Change
- Rush-ins
- Turning Pas de bourrée
- Step-Tuck Chassé
- Jazz Runs
- Step Ball Change
- Centre Split Leap
- Lame Duck Turn
- Illusion Kick
Authentic Jazz Moves (almost all of them are 8-count and start on 8):
- Suzie Q (dance move)
- Shim Sham
- Shim Sham Break
- Basic Charleston
- Charleston Break
- Savoy Kick
- Fall Off The Log
- Boogie Back
- Boogie Forward
- Boogie Drop
- Shorty George
- Fish Tail
- Tick Tock
- Tack Annies
- Half Break
- Mess Around
- Camel Walk
- Rusty Dusty
- Scarecrow
- Broken legs
- Box Step
- Apple Jack
- Gaze Afar
- Horse (kick-ball-change - step - skip - step - kick-ball-change - down (gaze afar))
- Rocking
- Hesitation
- Jumpin' Charleston
- Squat Charleston
- Skating
- Truckin'
- Spank A Baby
- Peckin'
- Around The World Charleston
- Crazy Legs
- Lock-turn
- Rubber Legs
- Kick Around (downhold on 8)
- Knee Slap
- Shine Your Shoes
- Siska-boom-bah (roundkick - triplestep)
- Single - Single - Double Kick
- Tabby The Cat
- Flyin' Charleston (high-kick - slide - back-step - kick-step)
- Corkscrew
- Flea Hop (Slip Slop)
- Bees' Knees
- Shouts
[edit] Notable directors, dancers, and choreographers
- Katherine Dunham, considered the grandmaster of jazz dance technique. She was a key inspiration to most modern jazz dance legends.
- Jack Cole, considered the father of jazz dance technique. He was a key inspiration to Matt Mattox, Bob Fosse, Jerome Robbins, Gwen Verdon, and many other choreographers.
- Eugene Louis Facciuto (aka "Luigi"), an accomplished dancer who, after suffering a crippling automobile accident in the 1950s, created a new style of jazz dance based on the warm-up exercises he invented to circumvent his physical handicaps.
- Bob Fosse, a noted jazz choreographer who created a new form of jazz dance that was inspired by Fred Astaire and the burlesque and vaudeville styles.
- Gus Giordano, an influential jazz dancer and choreographer.
- Jerome Robbins, choreographer for a number of hit musicals, including Peter Pan, The King and I, Fiddler on the Roof, Gypsy, Funny Girl, and West Side Story.
- Gwen Verdon, known for her roles in Damn Yankees, Chicago, and Sweet Charity.
