Jean Françaix

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Jean René Désiré Françaix (23 May 1912 in Le Mans – 25 September 1997 in Paris) was a French neoclassical composer, pianist, and orchestrator, known for his prolific output and vibrant style.

Contents

Life [edit]

Françaix's natural gifts were encouraged from an early age by his family: his father, Director of the Conservatoire of Le Mans, was a musicologist, composer, and pianist, and his mother, a teacher of singing. He studied at the Conservatoire of Le Mans and then at the Paris Conservatory, and he was only six when he took up composing with a style heavily influenced by Ravel.[1] His first publication, in 1922, caught the attention of a composer working for the publishing house who steered the gifted boy toward a gifted teacher, Nadia Boulanger. After her sister's death in 1937, she devoted her life to conducting, playing the organ and teaching.[2] She soon became among the most celebrated teachers of musical composition in the 20th century with a list of students whose names include Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, Elliot Carter, and many more.[3] She encouraged Françaix's career, considering the young composer to be one of the best, if not the best, of her students. Noted pianist and pedagogue Isidor Philipp also taught him. Françaix himself often played his own works, to public acclaim; notably in the premier of his Concertino for Piano and Orchestra at the festival of Baden-Baden in 1932.

He was an accomplished pianist from an early age, earning a First Prize in Piano at the Paris Conservatory, and toured throughout Europe and the U.S.[4] He performed notably in a duo with the French cellist Maurice Gendron, and also performed the Poulenc Two Piano Concerto with Francis Poulenc for several engagements when Jacques Février was not available. He even premiered his concerto for two pianos with his daughter in 1964.[5]

Jean Françaix's primary occupation was his extraordinarily active compositional career. He remained prolific throughout his life; even in 1981 he described himself as "constantly composing", barely finishing one piece before beginning another, and continued thus until his death in 1997. He was named an Officier de la Légion d'honneur in 1991.

Music [edit]

Maurice Ravel said of the young Françaix to the boy's parents, "Among the child's gifts I observe above all the most fruitful an artist can possess, that of curiosity: you must not stifle these precious gifts now or ever, or risk letting this young sensibility wither."[this quote needs a citation] They did not, and he flourished: Françaix was a prolific composer, writing over 200 pieces in a wide variety of styles.

Since he was a virtuoso pianist, many of his works feature the piano, particularly his numerous chamber works which he wrote for nearly every orchestral instrument and standard ensemble. He was a skilled orchestrator, which was reflected in his use of tone colors. Françaix wrote the majority of his earlier works for saxophone between the mid 1930s and the early 1960s.[6] Françaix wrote pieces in many of the major large musical forms, including concerti, symphonies, opera, theatre, ballet,[7] and works drawing on traditions falling out of favor in the 20th century, such as the cantata. One of his oratorios, entitled L'apocolypse selon St. Jean and written in 1939, "employs choral psalmody and full orchestra, with a second instrumental group that included saxophones, accordion, mandolin, and guitar (depicting Hell); the work wasperformed at the ISCM in Vienna (1932)and Palermo (1949)".[8] Though he often put his own modern spin on the old modes of expression, he was an avowed neoclassicist who rejected atonality and formless wanderings, and he drew from great literature of the past for his vocal settings. He also wrote ten film scores for director Sacha Guitry.

Françaix's style is marked by lightness and wit (a stated goal of his was to "give pleasure"[this quote needs a citation]), as well as a conversational style of interplay between the musical lines. It changed little throughout his career; while he was influenced by composers he admired (such as Emmanuel Chabrier, Igor Stravinsky, Maurice Ravel, and Francis Poulenc), he integrated what he picked up into his own distinct aesthetic, which was already evident in his early works.

Selected works [edit]

For the complete list see List of compositions by Jean Françaix.
  • "Scherzo" (1932), his first mature work for solo piano
  • Eight Bagatelles (1932), piano and string quartet
  • Concertino for piano and orchestra (1932)
  • String trio (1933)
  • Concerto for bassoon and 11 strings
  • Quartet for winds (1933)
  • Beach (1933), ballet
  • Quintet for flute, harp and string trio (1934)
  • Petit quatuor (1935), saxophone quartet
  • Piano concerto (1936)
  • L'apocalypse selon Saint-Jean (1939), oratorio
  • L'apostrophe (1940), a musical comedy
  • Divertissement for bassoon and string quintet (or orchestra), dedicated to William Waterhouse
  • Wind quintet (1948) [1]
  • Les demoiselles de la nuit (1948), ballet
  • Napoléon (1954), film score for S. Guitry
  • Si Paris nous était conté (1956)
  • L'horloge de flore (1959), for oboe and orchestra
  • Suite for solo flute (1962)
  • Six preludes (1963), strings
  • Double piano concerto (1965)
  • La princesse de Clèves (1965), his most successful opera
  • Flute concerto (1967)
  • Clarinet concerto (1968)
  • Cor anglais quartet (1970)
  • Concerto for double bass and orchestra (1974)
  • Cassazione (1975), for three orchestras
  • Quintet for clarinet and string quartet (1977)
  • Serenata for guitar (1978)
  • Sonata for recorder and guitar (1984)
  • Double concerto for flute, clarinet, and orchestra (1991)
  • Accordion concerto (1993)
  • Trio for oboe, bassoon, and piano (1994), dedicated to William Waterhouse
  • Sonate for flute and piano (1996)
  • Neuf historiettes de Tallemant des Réaux for baritone voice, tenor saxophone, and piano (1997), Françaix's last completed work
  • Marche triomphale for 4 trumpets and organ

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Françaix, Jean René (23 May 1912, Le Mans)." Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Boulanger, Nadia." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  3. ^ "Boulanger, Nadia." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2009. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  4. ^ "Françaix, Jean René (23 May 1912, Le Mans)." Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  5. ^ "Françaix, Jean René (23 May 1912, Le Mans)." Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  6. ^ Gordon, Daniel. "Music Reviews—Instrumental Solo and Ensemble Music: Jean Françaix, "Suite for Four Saxophones"; M. William Karlins, "Night Light: Quartet no. 3 for Saxophones"." Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 51.3 (1995): 1146-48. International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text. Web. 3 Oct. 2012.
  7. ^ "Françaix, Jean René (23 May 1912, Le Mans)." Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Françaix, Jean René (23 May 1912, Le Mans)." The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 1 October 2012.

External links [edit]

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