Jeongjong of Joseon
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| Jeongjong of Joseon | |
|---|---|
| King of Joseon | |
| Reign | September 1398 – November 13, 1400 |
| Born | July 1, 1357 |
| Died | September 26, 1419 (aged 62) |
| Predecessor | Taejo of Joseon |
| Successor | Taejong of Joseon |
| Consort | Queen Jeongan |
| Royal House | House of Yi |
| Father | Taejo of Joseon |
| Mother | Queen Sinui |
| Jeongjong of Joseon | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 정종 |
| Hanja | 定宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Jeongjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Chŏngjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 이방과 |
| Hanja | 李芳果 |
| Revised Romanization | I Bang-gwa |
| McCune–Reischauer | I Panggwa |
King Jeongjong of Joseon (1357–1419), born Yi Bang-gwa, whose changed name is Yi Gyeong, was the second king of Joseon (or Chosun) Dynasty (1399–1400). He was the second son of the founder and first king of the dynasty, King Taejo of Joseon.
Born in 1357 as Yi Bang-Gwa, he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo Dynasty, Jeongjong followed his father, Yi Seonggye, to various battlefronts and fought at his side. As his father became king in 1392, he became prince.
King Taejo had two wives—the first one, who gave birth to six of the king's sons including Jeongjong, died before King Taejo was crowned. Taejo had second wife, who had 2 sons from him. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. In 1398, King Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bangwon, who later would be King Taejong of Joseon, led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two brothers, Prime Minister Jeong, and many of his faction. Yi Bangwon first tried to show that he was not intended to take the throne, so he gave a push to his older brother Jeongjong (who was also the oldest then), to be a crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and Jeongjong became king in the following year, 1399. The same year he moved the capital back to Kaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital.
In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bangwon and his older brother, Yi Bang-gan. Yi Bangwon's force attacked and defeated Bang-gan's army, and Bang-gan was sent into exile along with his family. General Bak Bo, who persuaded Bang-gan to fight against Bangwon, was executed. King Jeongjong, knowing the acting king of the kingdom was his younger brother Bangwon, appointed him as a crown prince, and abdicated a few days later.
He was an able, wise administrator even though his short reign was marked by bloodshed within the royal family. He banned all kinds of private troops on the advice of Crown Prince Bangwon. He died in 1419, and was buried near Kaeseong.
Contents |
[edit] Family
- Father: King Taejo (태조)
- Mother: Queen Shin-ui of the Anbyeon Han clan (신의왕후 한씨, September 1337 – September 12, 1391)
- Consorts and their Respective Issue:
- Queen Jeongan of the Gyeongju Kim clan (정안왕후 김씨) - No issue.
- Royal Noble Consort Seong of the Cheongju Ji clan (성빈 지씨)
- Yi Hu-saeng, the Prince Deokcheon (이후생 덕천군, 1397–1465), 1st son[1]
- Yi Mal-saeng, the Prince Dopyeong (이말생 도평군), 2nd son
- Ji Suk-ui (숙의 지씨)
- Yi Won-saeng, the Prince Uipyeong (이원생 의평군, ?–1461), 1st son
- Yi Mu-saeng, the Prince Seonseong (이무생 선성군), 2nd son
- Yi Ho-saeng, the Prince Imseong (이호생 임성군), 3rd son
- Princess Hamyang (함양옹주), Only daughter[2]
- Ki Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan (숙의 기씨, ?–1457)[3]
- Yi Gun-saeng, the Prince Sunpyeong (이군생 순평군, ?–1456), 1st son
- Yi Ui-saeng, the Prince Geumpyeong (이의생 금평군, ?–1435), 2nd son
- Yi Yung-saeng, the Prince Jeongseok (이융생 정석군), 3rd son
- Yi Seon-saeng, the Prince Murim (이선생 무림군), 4th son
- Princess Sukshin (숙신옹주), 1st daughter[4]
- Princess Sangwon (상원옹주), 2nd daughter[5]
- Princess Deokcheon (덕천옹주), 3rd daughter[6]
- Princess Goseong (고성옹주), 4th daughter[7]
- Princess Jeonsan (전산옹주), 5th daughter[8]
- Mun Suk-ui (숙의 문씨)
- Yi Gwi-saeng, the Prince Jong-ui (이귀생 종의군, 1393–1451), Only son
- Lee Suk-ui (숙의 이씨)
- Yi Jong-saeng, the Prince Jinnam (이종생 진남군, 1406–1470), Only son
- Yoon Suk-ui (숙의 윤씨)
- Lady Ga-ui of the Yoo clan (가의궁주 유씨)
- Yi Bul-no (이불노)
- Lady-in-Waiting Gimae (시비 기매)
- Yi Ji-woon (이지운)
[edit] His full posthumous name
- King Jeongjong Gongjeong Euimun Jangmu Onin Sunhyo the Great of Korea
- 정종공정의문장무온인순효대왕
- 定宗恭靖懿文莊武溫仁順孝大王
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Later married Jang Su-yi (장수이), Lady Gotaek, Princess Consort (고택군부인). One of his grandsons (thru his only daughter, who married Seong Chan (성찬)) is Seong Hui-an, one of the leaders of the coup that ousted Prince Yeonsan
- ^ Later married Park Gaeng (박갱), created Jidon-nyeong (지돈녕)
- ^ Daughter of Ki Myeon (기면), & elder sister of Ki Geon, the Jeongmugong (정무공)
- ^ Later married Kim Se-min (김세민), created Pandon-nyeong (판돈녕)
- ^ Later married Jo Hyo-san (조효산), created Haengsajik (행사직)
- ^ Later married Byeon Sang-bok (변상복), created Haengbusa (행부사)
- ^ Later married Kim Han (김한), created Jijungchu (지중추)
- ^ Later married Lee Hui-jong (이희종), created Haengsajik (행사직)
- ^ Later married Lee Gwan-shik (이관식), created Haengbusa (행부사)
- ^ Later married Lee Hang-shin (이항신), created Bujidonnyeong (부지돈녕)
| Preceded by Taejo |
Rulers of Korea (Joseon Dynasty) 1399–1400 |
Succeeded by Taejong |
