John Charteris
Brigadier General John Charteris CMG, DSO (1877–1946) was a British general during the First World War. He was Sir Douglas Haig's Chief of British Army Intelligence Officer at the British Expeditionary Force's headquarters from 1915 to 1918.
Despite his grasp of military intelligence, Charteris was an unpopular officer sometimes described as Haig's "evil counsellor", or "The Principal Boy" due to his rapid promotion. A key influence on Haig, he is sometimes blamed for Haig's errors. His intelligence reports were crucial in strategic decisions and "during the Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) and at Cambrai, Charteris was certainly guilty of being overly optimistic with regard to the Allies' chances of success at both set-piece battles."[1]
Haig was later forced to dismiss Charteris after Charteris angered Lord Derby, then Minister of War. In January 1918 Brigadier-General Edgar William Cox was recalled to France to replace Charteris. Charteris continued to advise Haig on intelligence affairs, and correctly predicted a German offensive in Spring 1918.
[edit] Propaganda
He has also been associated with some notable allied propaganda and disinformation successes such as "the master hoax" of World War I, the story of the German corpse factory Kadaververwertungsanstalt. Charteris deliberately switched captions on two German war pictures: one image showed soldiers killed in battle being taken away for burial, while the other showed horse carcasses being delivered to a processing factory behind German lines. After the war Charteris claimed the deception, causing a media outcry.[2]
A letter from Charteris, dated 5 September 1914, noted "the story of the Angels of Mons [is] going strong through the 2nd Corps". This may be the earliest account of the rumour. If authentic, this reference would pre-date Arthur Machen's The Bowmen—widely held to be the source of the Angels of Mons legend.[3] However, this letter was published in 1931 in compilation book At G.H.Q., and its authenticity is questionable. Examination of Charteris' original letters gives evidence that these entries and/or dates were falsified,[4] leading David Clarke, among others, to suggest that Charteris was using the Angels rumour for propaganda purposes. After the war he was the Conservative MP for Dumfriesshire. He wrote several books on Haig.
[edit] Notes
- ^ http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/charteris.htm John Charteris at First World War.com
- ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728588,00.html "Candid Charteris" in Time 1925
- ^ Clarke, David (May 2003). "The Angel of Mons". Fortean Times. Dennis Publishing Limited. http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/213/the_angel_of_mons.html. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_1_115/ai_n6118622/pg_1 "Rumours of Angels: a response to Simpson" Folklore, April, 2004 by David Clarke
- AIM25: Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London: CHARTERIS, Brig Gen John (1877-1946) at www.aim25.ac.uk
[edit] External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Charteris
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Allan Chapple |
Member of Parliament for Dumfriesshire 1924–1929 |
Succeeded by Dr Joseph Hunter |
- 1877 births
- 1946 deaths
- British Army World War I generals
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
- People educated at Kelvinside Academy
- Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for Scottish constituencies
- Royal Engineers officers
- UK MPs 1924–1929
- University of Göttingen alumni
- Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
- Bengal Sappers and Miners personnel
