John Leland (Baptist)
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John Leland (May 14, 1754 – January 14, 1841) was a Baptist minister in Massachusetts and Virginia. He was an important figure in the struggle for religious liberty in the United States.[1][2] Leland was also an outspoken critic of slavery.[3] Leland also later opposed the rise of missionary societies among Baptists.[4]
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[edit] Early life
Leland was born on May 14, 1754, in Grafton, Massachusetts.[5] He described his father as a Presbyterian and his mother as a separate new-light Christian.
[edit] Public life and views
He was baptized in June 1774 by Elder Noah Alden. Leland joined the Baptist Church in Bellingham, Massachusetts in 1775. He left for Virginia in 1775 or 1776, and ministered there until 1791, when he returned to Massachusetts.
A well-known incident in Leland's life was related to his invovlement with the Cheshire Mammoth Cheese. The people of Cheshire, Massachusetts made and sent a giant cheese to President Thomas Jefferson. Leland took the cheese from Cheshire to Washington, D. C., and presented it to President Jefferson on January 1, 1802. While there, Leland was even invited to preach to the Congress and the president. Of this incident he wrote, "In November, 1801, I journeyed to the south, as far as Washington, in charge of a cheese, sent to President Jefferson. Notwithstanding my trust, I preached all the way there and on my return. I had large congregations; let in part by curiosity to hear the Mammoth Priest, as I was called."
Leland held, in seminal form, to what has been called the "liberty of conscience" position on public policy theology.[6]
Leland died on January 14, 1841 in Cheshire, Massachusetts[5] His tombstone reads, "Here lies the body of John Leland, of Cheshire, who labored 67 years to promote piety and vindicate the civil and religious rights of all men."[7] Several of Leland's hymns are preserved in the Sacred Harp.
The John Leland Center for Theological Studies in Virginia is named in Leland's honor.
[edit] Excerpts from his writings
- "The notion of a Christian commonwealth should be exploded forever...Government should protect every man in thinking and speaking freely, and see that one does not abuse another. The liberty I contend for is more than toleration. The very idea of toleration is despicable; it supposes that some have a pre-eminence above the rest to grant indulgence, whereas all should be equally free, Jews, Turks, Pagans and Christians." - A Chronicle of His Time in Virginia.
- "Truth disdains the aid of law for its defense — it will stand upon its own merits." - Right of Conscience Inalienable.
- "Every man must give account of himself to God, and therefore every man ought to be at liberty to serve God in a way that he can best reconcile to his conscience. If government can answer for individuals at the day of judgment, let men be controlled by it in religious matters; otherwise, let men be free." - Right of Conscience Inalienable.
- "Resolved, that slavery is a violent deprivation of rights of nature and inconsistent with a republican government, and therefore, recommend it to our brethren to make use of every legal measure to extirpate this horrid evil from the land; and pray Almighty God that our honorable legislature may have it in their power to proclaim the great jubilee, consistent with the principles of good policy." - Resolution for the General Committee of Virginia Baptists meeting in Richmond, Virginia in 1789.
[edit] Sources
- L. F. Greene, ed (1845). The writings of the late Elder John Leland: including some events in his life. G.W. Wood. http://books.google.com/books?id=bMAiAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=John+Leland&hl=en&ei=ArcRTqjsLYrLgQeehMHsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Gourley, Bruce (Winter 2005). "John Leland: Evolving Views of Slavery, 1789-1839". Baptist History and Heritage Journal 40 (1). http://www.brucegourley.com/writings/lelandslavery1.htm.
- Crumm, David (14 January 2009). "John Leland honored as Interfaith Hero". ReadTheSpirit.com. http://www.readthespirit.com/interfaith_heroes/2009/01/2nd-annual-interfaith-heroes-month-no-14-john-leland.html.
[edit] References
- ^ Scarberry, Mark S. (April 2009). "John Leland and James Madison: Religious Influence on the Ratification of the Constitution and on the Proposal of the Bill of Rights". Penn State Law Review 113 (3): 733–800. http://pennstatelawreview.org/articles/113%20Penn%20St.%20L.%20Rev.%20733.pdf.
- ^ Butterfield, L.H. (1952). "Elder John Leland, Jeffersonian Itinerant". Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, MA: American Antiquarian Society) 62: 154–252. ISSN 0044-751X.
- ^ Scarberry, Mark S. (April 2009). "John Leland and James Madison: Religious Influence on the Ratification of the Constitution and on the Proposal of the Bill of Rights". Penn State Law Review 113 (3): 744. http://pennstatelawreview.org/articles/113%20Penn%20St.%20L.%20Rev.%20733.pdf.
- ^ Biography Of Elder John Leland
- ^ a b "Eccentric John Leland, Baptist Pastors Tell Stories of a Once Noted Preacher". New York Times: p. 8. 26 October 1886. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F0CE4DB163AE033A25755C2A9669D94679FD7CF.
- ^ Cobin, John M. (2006). Christian Theology of Public Policy: Highlighting the American Experience. Alertness Books. ISBN 9780972975490.
- ^ Green, L.F. (1845). "Further Sketches of the Life of John Leland". The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland: Including Some Events in His Life. by G.W. Wood. p. 50. http://books.google.com/books?id=bMAiAAAAMAAJ.
