John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox

John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox. (b. bef. 1430, d. 8 Jul/11 Sep 1495) was known as Lord Darnley and the Earl of Lennox.

Family

Stewart was the son of Katherine Seton and Sir Alan Stuart, a direct descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. His paternal grandmother was the daughter and co-heiress of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox. Through his mother he was also a descendant of Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, nephew of King Robert I of Scotland.

Political Career

As head of the powerful family of Stewart of Darnley he was created Governor of Rothesay Castle in 1465 and appointed Warden of the West Marches of Scotland. When the male line of the Earldom of Lennox became extinct he was heir to half of the lands and made a deal with the co-heir in which he was made Earl of Lennox.

He was a loyal ally of James III during his war against the rebel lords led by Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus. After the death of the King at the Battle of Sauchieburn and the coronation of his underage son James IV he raised an army to fight against the rebel lords who now controlled the government. The rebels had siezed control of Edinburgh Castle and now had possession of the important royal artillery. Included in the arsenal of Edinburgh Castle was the cannon Mons Meg which had been a wedding gift from Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy to the King of Scots a generation earlier. Using this weapon they laid siege to Crookston Castle, seat of the Stewarts of Darnley, forcing the Earl of Lennox to surrender.

After his surrender he was allowed to keep his lands and they passed to his eldest son Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox who was one of the leaders of the Scottish army killed at the Battle of Flodden Field.

Marriage

His marriage has been a source of genealogical confusion. He is recorded as having contracted to marry Margaret, the daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, 1st Lord Montgomerie, and Margaret Boyd, by indenture on 15 May 1438 as both parties were under age. She, however, appears to have died young. Ultimately, he married Margaret Montgomerie in 1460, who was not the same individual, but her fraternal niece, daughter of Alexander, Master of Montgomerie, by his wife Elizabeth Hepburn.

John and Margaret Montgomerie had nine recorded children:

1. Lady Marion Stuart.
2. Robert Stuart, 4th Seigneur d'Aubigny, b. c. 1470, d. 1544.
3. Sir John Stewart, Seigneur d'Oison, b. bef. 1446, d. c. 1512.
4. Elizabeth Stuart, b. bef. 1476.
5. Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, b. bef. 5 May 1488, d. 9 Sep 1513, Flodden.
6. Sir William Stewart, Seigneur d'Oison, b. bef. 1495, d. bef. 1504.
7. Alexander Stewart, b. bef. 1495, d. bef. 1509.
8. Lady Janet Stewart, who married Ninian Ross, 3rd Lord Ross of Halkhead
9. Lady Elizabeth Stewart, b. bef. 1495.

N.B. Elizabeth Stuart/Stewart daughter of 1st Earl of Lennox is listed as Mother of Colin Campbell, 3rd Earl of Argyll whose estimated birth is given as c1486, therefore her birth is likely to be c1464 and there isn't likely to be a child 9 with that name.

References

• G. E. Cokayne et al., The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. (Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton, 2000) I:313, 328; VII:594, 596.
• Charles Mosley, ed., Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage. 107th ed. 3 vols. (Wilmington, DE: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd., 2003) I:601.