John Wyndham

For other people named John Wyndham, see John Wyndham (disambiguation).

John Wyndham
Born	(1903-07-10)10 July 1903 Dorridge, Warwickshire, England
Died	11 March 1969(1969-03-11) (aged 65) Petersfield, Hampshire, England
Nationality	English
Other names	John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris
Occupation	Science fiction writer

John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer who usually used the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names, such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes. Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes.

Biography

Early life

Wyndham was born in the village of Dorridge near Knowle in Warwickshire, England, the son of George Beynon Harris, a barrister, and Gertrude Parkes, the daughter of a Birmingham ironmaster.

His early childhood was spent in Edgbaston in Birmingham, but when he was 8 years old his parents separated and he and his brother, the writer Vivian Beynon Harris, spent the rest of their childhood at a number of English preparatory and boarding schools, including Blundell's School in Tiverton, Devon during the First World War. His longest and final stay was at Bedales School near Petersfield in Hampshire (1918–21), which he left at the age of 18, where he blossomed and was happy.

After leaving school, Wyndham tried several careers including farming, law, commercial art and advertising, but mostly relied on an allowance from his family. He eventually turned to writing for money in 1925, and by 1931 was selling short stories and serial fiction to American science fiction pulp magazines, most under the pen names of "John Beynon" or "John Beynon Harris", although he also wrote some detective stories.

World War II

During the Second World War Wyndham first served as a censor in the Ministry of Information, then joined the army, serving as a Corporal cipher operator in the Royal Corps of Signals. He participated in the Normandy landings, although was not involved in the first days of the landings.

Postwar

After the war, Wyndham returned to writing, inspired by the success of his brother who had had four novels published. He altered his writing style and, by 1951, using the John Wyndham pen name for the first time, wrote the novel The Day of the Triffids. His pre-war writing career was not mentioned in the book's publicity, and people were allowed to assume that it was a first novel from a previously unknown writer.

The book proved to be an enormous success and established Wyndham as an important exponent of science fiction. During his lifetime he wrote and published six more novels under the name John Wyndham. In 1963 he married Grace Wilson, whom he had known for more than 20 years; the couple remained married until he died. He moved out of the Penn Club, London, and lived near Petersfield, Hampshire, just outside the grounds of Bedales School.

He died aged 65 at his home in Petersfield, survived by his wife and brother. Subsequently, some of his unsold work was published and his earlier work re-published.

Bibliography

Early novels published under other pen names

• Foul Play Suspected, 1935  (as John Beynon)
• The Secret People, 1935  (as John Beynon)
• Planet Plane, 1936  (as John Beynon; also known as The Space Machine and Stowaway to Mars)

Novels published in his lifetime as by John Wyndham

• The Day of the Triffids, 1951  (also known as Revolt of the Triffids)
• The Kraken Wakes, 1953  (published in the US as Out of the Deeps)
• The Chrysalids, 1955  (published in the US as Re-Birth)
• The Midwich Cuckoos, 1957  (filmed twice as Village of the Damned)
• The Outward Urge, 1959 
• Trouble with Lichen, 1960 
• Chocky, 1968 

Posthumously published novels

• Web, 1979 
• Plan for Chaos, 2009 

Short story collections published in his lifetime

• Jizzle, 1954 
• The Seeds of Time, 1956 
• Tales of Gooseflesh and Laughter, 1956  (US edition featuring stories from the two earlier collections)
• Consider Her Ways and Others, 1961 
• The Infinite Moment, 1961  (US edition of Consider Her Ways and Others, with two stories dropped, two others added)

Posthumously published collections

• Sleepers of Mars, 1973 , a collection of five stories originally published in magazines in the 1930s: Sleepers of Mars, Worlds to Barter, Invisible Monster, The Man from Earth & The Third Vibrator.
• The Best of John Wyndham, 1973 
• Wanderers of Time, 1973 , a collection of five stories originally published in magazines in the 1930s: Wanderers of Time, Derelict of Space, Child of Power, The Last Lunarians & The Puff-ball Menace (a.k.a. Spheres of Hell).
• Exiles on Asperus, 1979 
• No Place Like Earth, 2003 

Biography and criticism

• "John Wyndham: No Place Like Earth", a programme on BBC Radio 4, 11.30 am, 12 November 2010

His reputation rests mainly on the first four of the novels published in his lifetime as by John Wyndham. The Day of the Triffids remains his best known, but some consider that The Chrysalids was really his best.

He also penned several short stories, ranging from hard science fiction to whimsical fantasy. A few have been filmed: Consider Her Ways, Random Quest, Dumb Martian, Jizzle (filmed as Maria) and Time to Rest (filmed as No Place Like Earth). There is also a radio version of Survival.

Style

Most of Wyndham's novels have a contemporary 1950s English middle-class setting. Brian Aldiss, another British science fiction writer, has disparagingly labelled some of them as "cosy catastrophes", especially his novel The Day of the Triffids. The critic LJ Hurst dismissed Aldiss's accusations, pointing out that in Triffids the main character witnesses several murders, suicides, and misadventures, and is frequently in mortal danger himself.

Bibliography

• Aldiss, Brian W (1973), Billion year spree: the history of science fiction, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-76555-4 .

External links

• The John Wyndham Archive, The University of Liverpool .
• "John Wyndham", The Guardian (article) .
• Priest, Christopher, Portrait of Wyndham and Wells, UK: Tiscali 
• Ketterer, "‘Vivisection’: Schoolboy ‘John Wyndham’s’ First Publication?", SFS (Depauw) 78 .
• John Wyndham (Realplayer) (TV interview), UK: BBC, 1960 
• John Wyndham on the nature of evil in his novels (interview), On writers, UK: BBC, 1960  (somehow restricted to viewing only in UK)
• John Wyndham at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• "John Wyndham first editions", Book seller world (bibliography) .