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José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza

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José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza (1750–1802) was a Mexican portrait painter known for being the first painter of significance to work in Spanish colonial New Orleans, Louisiana.[1][2]

Biography

Salazar was born to Salvador de Salazar and Feliciana Ojeda y Bazquez on the Yucatán peninsula in Mérida, Mexico.[3] He attended the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City. In 1782, he moved to New Orleans with his wife, Maria Antonia Magaña (d. 1793) and their two children, a son, José, and daughter, Francisca de Salazar y Magaña, both of whom became artists. Shortly after moving. they had another son, José Casiano. In 1788, their home was destroyed in a fire, and the family moved into a church building. In 1791, the family was living on St. Philip Street, near St. Louis Cathedral, where their youngest son, Ramon Rafael de la Crus, was born.[1] Salazar died on August 15, 1802.[4]

Work

Salazar is considered the foremost painter in Spanish Colonial Louisiana.[4] He painted the portraits of many prominent citizens of colonial Louisiana, including members of the church, government and the military. Some of his well-known sitters include Don Carlos Trudeau Laveau, Joseph Montegut, Ignacio Balderas, Don Almonaster y Rojas, and Bishop Luis Ignatius Cardenas y Peñalver, among others. His paintings are in the late Baroque style that was favored in Spanish colonies[1] and show the influence of Mexican provincial styles.[4] The art historian Judith Bonner believes that Salazar's daughter Francisca worked with him due to certain drawing and painting inconsistencies found in his work.[4] His use of transparent glazes and dark backgrounds has been compared to Goya.[4]

Collections

Salazar's work is held in many museums. It is included in the Louisiana State Museum collection,[1] the Newcomb Art Museum collection,[5] Worcester Art Museum,[6] and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania,[7] among other institutions.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Louisiana State Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  2. ^ "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". LSU Collection. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  3. ^ Bonner, Judith H. "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". 64 Parishes.
  4. ^ a b c d e Bonner, Judith H (2013). "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. University of North Carolina Press.
  5. ^ "Charles Laveau Trudeau by José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Newcomb Art Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  6. ^ "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Worcester Art Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Captain John Morgan". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 22 March 2021.

Further reading

  • Gontar, Cybele, ed. (2018). Salazar: Portraits of Influence in Spanish New Orleans, 1785–1802. Ogden Museum of Southern Art and the University of New Orleans Press. ISBN 978-1608011544.
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