Juglandaceae
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 Juglans regia
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Wikispecies has information related to: Juglandaceae |
The Juglandaceae, also known as the Walnut Family, is a family of trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Various members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. Members of the walnut family have large aromatic leaves, that are usually alternate, but opposite in Alfaroa, Oreomunnia. The leaves are pinnately compound, or ternate, and usually 20-100 cm long.
The trees are wind-pollinated, and the flowers usually arranged in catkins.
There are eight genera in the family, including the commercially important nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees.
[edit] Systematics
The known living genera are grouped into subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes as follows[1]:
Subfamily Engelhardioideae
- Alfaroa Standl. — (gualin)
- Engelhardia Lesch. ex Blume — (cheo)
- Oreomunnea Oerst.
Subfamily Juglandoideae
Tribe Platycaryeae
- Platycarya Siebold & Zucc.
Tribe Juglandeae
Subtribe Caryinae
- Carya Nutt. — (hickory and pecan)
Subtribe Juglandinae
- Cyclocarya Iljinsk — (wheel wingnut)
- Juglans L. — (walnut)
- Pterocarya Kunth — (wingnut)
The only member of the genus Alfaropsis I.A.Iljinsk., Alfaropsis roxburghiana (Wall.) I.A.Iljinsk. is a synonym for Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. (or perhaps vice-versa).
The only member of the genus Annamocarya A.Chev., Annamocarya sinensis (Dode) J.-F.Leroy, may actually be a member of Carya, and belongs in the subtribe Caryinae.
[edit] Tryma
Some fruits are borderline and difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (Carya) and Walnuts (Juglans) in the Juglandaceae family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. Tryma is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes.[2][3]
[edit] References
- ^ Manos, P. S., aand D. E. Stone 2001. "Evolution, phylogeny and systematics of the Juglandaceae." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88231-269
- ^ http://waynesword.palomar.edu/fruitid1.htm Identification Of Major Fruit Types
- ^ http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph8.htm Fruits Called Nuts
