Juglandaceae
| Juglandaceae | |
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| Juglans regia | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| clade: | Angiosperms |
| clade: | Eudicots |
| clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb |
| Subfamilies | |
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See text |
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| Synonyms | |
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Platycaryaceae Nakai ex Doweld Pterocaryaceae Nakai, nom. inval. Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz., nom. cons.[1] |
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The Juglandaceae, also known as the walnut family, is a family of trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Various members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. Members of the walnut family have large, aromatic leaves that are usually alternate, but opposite in Alfaroa and Oreomunnia. The leaves are pinnately compound, or ternate, and usually 20–100 cm long.
The trees are wind-pollinated, and the flowers are usually arranged in catkins.
The eight genera in the family include the commercially important nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees.
[edit] Systematics
The known living genera are grouped into subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes as follows:[2]
Subfamily Engelhardioideae
- Alfaroa Standl. – gaulin
- Engelhardia Lesch. ex Blume – cheo
- Oreomunnea Oerst.
Subfamily Juglandoideae
Tribe Platycaryeae
- Platycarya Siebold & Zucc.
Tribe Juglandeae
Subtribe Caryinae
- Carya Nutt. – hickory and pecan
- Annamocarya A.Chev.
Subtribe Juglandinae
- Cyclocarya Iljinsk – wheel wingnut
- Juglans L. – walnut
- Pterocarya Kunth – wingnut
Incertae sedis
- Rhoiptelea Diels & Hand.-Mazz.[3]
The only member of the genus Alfaropsis I.A.Iljinsk., Alfaropsis roxburghiana (Wall.) I.A.Iljinsk. is a synonym for Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. (or perhaps vice-versa).
The only member of the genus Annamocarya A.Chev., Annamocarya sinensis (Dode) J.-F.Leroy, may actually be a member of Carya.
[edit] Tryma
Some fruits are borderline and difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes.[4][5]
[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Juglandaceae |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Juglandaceae |
- ^ "Family: Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?595. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Manos, P. S.; D. E. Stone (2001). "Evolution, phylogeny and systematics of the Juglandaceae". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88: 231–269.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Juglandaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?595. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Armstrong, W.P.. "Identification Of Major Fruit Types". Wayne's World. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/fruitid1.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Armstrong, W.P. (2009-03-15). "Fruits Called Nuts". Wayne's World. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph8.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
