July (i/dʒʊˈlaɪ/juu-LY) is the seventh month of the year (between June and August) in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honor of the Roman general, Julius Caesar, it being the month of his birth. Prior to that, it was called Quintilis. It is, on average, the warmest month in most of the Northern hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer) and the coldest month in much of the Southern hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter). The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
July starts on the same day of the week as April in every year, and January in leap years. In a common year no other month ends on the same day as July, while in a leap year July ends on the same day of the week as January. October of the previous year starts on the same day of the week as July of the current year as a common year and May of the previous year starts on the same day of the week as July of the current year as a leap year. February and October of the previous year end on the same day of the week as July of the current year as a common year and May of the previous year ends on the same day of the week as July of the current year as a leap year. In years immediately before common years, July starts on the same day of the week as September and December of the following year and in years immediately before leap years, July starts on the same day of the week as June of the following year. In years immediately before common years, July ends on the same day of the week as April and December of the following year and in years immediately before leap years, July ends on the same day of the week as September of the following year. In common years immediately after other common years, July starts and finishes on the same day of the week as January of the previous year.
Captive Nations Week is the third week of July in the United States. It is aimed at raising public awareness of the oppression of nations under the control of Communist and other non-capitalist government systems, an attempt at dislodging the U.S.S.R.