July 30

July 30 is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 154 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 634 – Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh (modern Israel).
• 762 – Baghdad is founded by caliph Al-Mansur.
• 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: a crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
• 1608 – At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for the next one hundred years.
• 1619 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative assembly in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, convenes for the first time.
• 1629 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills about 10,000 people.
• 1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army.
• 1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
• 1729 – Foundation of Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1733 – The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts.
• 1756 – In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
• 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
• 1825 – Malden Island is discovered by captain George Byron, 7th Baron Byron.
• 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
• 1863 – American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
• 1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
• 1866 – New Oreleans, Louisiana's Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150.
• 1871 – The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
• 1912 – Japan's Emperor Meiji dies and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is now known as the Emperor Taishō.
• 1916 – Black Tom Island explosion in Jersey City, New Jersey.
• 1930 – In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup.
• 1932 – Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short.
• 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen.
• 1956 – A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God we trust as the U.S. national motto.
• 1962 – The Trans-Canada Highway, the largest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
• 1965 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
• 1967 – Israel passes the Jerusalem Law and annexes East Jerusalem.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyen Van Thieu and U.S. military commanders.
• 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission – David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
• 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Iwate, Japan killing 162.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1974 – Six Royal Canadian Army Cadets are killed and fifty-four are injured in an accidental grenade blast at CFB Valcartier Cadet Camp.
• 1975 – Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again, and will be declared legally dead on this date in 1982.
• 1978 – The 730 (transport), Okinawa Prefecture changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side.
• 1980 – Vanuatu gains independence.
• 1980 – Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law
• 1990 – George Steinbrenner is forced by Commissioner Fay Vincent to resign as principal partner of New York Yankees for hiring Howie Spira to "get dirt" on Dave Winfield.
• 2003 – In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.
• 2006 – The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
• 2006 – Lebanon War: At least 28 civilians, including 16 children are killed by the Israeli Air Force in what Lebanese call the Second Qana massacre and what Israel considers to be an attempt to stop rockets' being fired, from Lebanon, at Israeli civilian targets.
• 2012 – A power grid failure leaves seven states in northern India without power, affecting 360 million people.

Births

• 1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer, historian, and architect (d. 1574)
• 1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
• 1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
• 1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian pianist (d. 1829)
• 1763 – Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
• 1809 – Charles Chiniquy, Canadian priest (d. 1899)
• 1818 – Emily Brontë, English novelist (d. 1848)
• 1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
• 1825 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian engineer and writer (d. 1893)
• 1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German businessman (d. 1919)
• 1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English humanitarian and minister, founded Lunn Poly (d. 1939)
• 1863 – Henry Ford, American businessman, founded the Ford Motor Company (d. 1947)
• 1864 – Dirk Boest Gips, Dutch target shooter (d. 1920)
• 1872 – Princess Clémentine of Belgium (d. 1955)
• 1881 – Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940)
• 1885 – Russell van Horn, American lightweight boxer (d. 1970)
• 1887 – Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968)
• 1889 – Vladimir K. Zworykin, Russian physicist (d. 1982)
• 1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (d. 1975)
• 1893 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and stateswoman, Leader of the Opposition (d. 1967)
• 1895 – Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
• 1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
• 1899 – Gerald Moore, English pianist (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
• 1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
• 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian (d. 1993)
• 1909 – Magda Schneider German actress (d. 1996).
• 1910 – Edgar de Evia, American photographer (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Lou Darvas, American cartoonist (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish journalist and author, 6th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
• 1916 – Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Berniece Baker Miracle, American author, half-sister of Marilyn Monroe
• 1921 – Grant Johannesen, American pianist (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Henry W. Bloch, American banker and businessman, co-founder of H&R Block
• 1924 – George Savitsky, American football player (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor
• 1925 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish writer (d. 1984)
• 1927 – Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Eunice Muñoz, Portuguese actress
• 1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1929 – Sid Krofft, Canadian puppeteer and producer
• 1933 – Edd Byrnes, American actor
• 1934 – Bud Selig, American businessman, 9th Commissioner of Baseball
• 1936 – Buddy Guy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1936 – Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz
• 1936 – Ralph Taeger, American actor
• 1938 – Hervé de Charette, French politician
• 1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American director
• 1939 – Eleanor Smeal, American activist, founded the Feminist Majority Foundation
• 1940 – Patricia Schroeder, American politician
• 1940 – Clive Sinclair, English inventor and businessman, founded Sinclair Radionics and Sinclair Research
• 1941 – Paul Anka, Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1943 – Henri-François Gautrin, Canadian politician
• 1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist
• 1945 – David Sanborn, American saxophonist and composer
• 1946 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)
• 1947 – William Atherton, American actor
• 1947 – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist, discovered HIV, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1947 – Jonathan Mann, American activist (d. 1998)
• 1947 – Anna Panayiotopoulou, Greek actress and writer
• 1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of California
• 1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
• 1948 – Otis Taylor, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer
• 1948 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer and pianist (d. 2010)
• 1948 – Billy Paultz, American basketball player
• 1949 – Duck Baker, American guitarist
• 1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1950 – Simón Trinidad, Colombian guerrilla group leader
• 1951 – Alan Kourie, South African cricketer
• 1954 – Ken Olin, American actor
• 1955 – Rat Scabies, English drummer (The Damned)
• 1956 – Delta Burke, American actress
• 1956 – Réal Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Anita Hill, American attorney and academic, witness at the sexual harassment trial against Clarence Thomas
• 1956 – Soraida Martinez, American painter, creator of Verdadism
• 1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
• 1957 – Clint Hurdle, American baseball player and manager
• 1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
• 1958 – Richard Burgi, American actor
• 1958 – Kate Bush, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1958 – Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter and humanitarian
• 1958 – Daley Thompson, English athlete
• 1960 – Richard Linklater, American director and screenwriter
• 1960 – Jeff Rudom, American basketball player and actor (d. 2011)
• 1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor
• 1962 – Alton Brown, American chef, author, and producer
• 1962 – Jay Feaster, American ice hockey manager and executive
• 1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress, writer, and producer
• 1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player
• 1964 – Vivica A. Fox, American actress and producer
• 1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director
• 1964 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer and manager
• 1965 – Tim Munton, England cricketer
• 1966 – Allan Langer, Australian rugby player
• 1968 – Terry Crews, American football player and actor
• 1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker
• 1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh drummer (Manic Street Preachers)
• 1969 – Simon Baker, Australian actor
• 1969 – Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
• 1970 – Dean Edwards, American comedian and actor
• 1970 – Christopher Nolan, English-American director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1971 – Elvis Crespo, Puerto Rican singer
• 1971 – Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor
• 1971 – Sagi Kalev, Israeli-American bodybuilder and model
• 1971 – Christine Taylor, American actress
• 1972 – GloZell Green, YouTube personality
• 1972 – Jim McIlvaine, American basketball player
• 1973 – Anastasios Katsabis, Greek footballer
• 1973 – Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian singer and actor
• 1974 – Sandra Diaz-Twine, American reality contestant, winner of Survivor: Pearl Islands and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains
• 1974 – Radostin Kishishev, Bulgarian footballer
• 1974 – Jason Robinson, English rugby player
• 1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress
• 1975 – Graham Nicholls, English author and artist
• 1975 – Cherie Priest, American author
• 1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist Miss Universe 1987
• 1977 – Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player
• 1977 – Bootsy Thornton, American basketball player
• 1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
• 1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer-songwriter (Lostprophets and Public Disturbance)
• 1979 – Carlos Arroyo, Puerto Rican basketball player
• 1979 – Show Luo, Taiwanese singer, dancer, and actor
• 1979 – Graeme McDowell, Irish golfer
• 1979 – Maya Nasser, Syrian journalist (d. 2012)
• 1980 – Diam's, French-Greek rapper
• 1980 – Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player
• 1980 – Justin Rose, English golfer
• 1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer
• 1981 – Juan Smith, South African rugby player
• 1982 – Khaliah Adams, American actress
• 1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer
• 1982 – Jehad Al-Hussain, Syrian footballer
• 1982 – Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
• 1983 – Nathan Carter, Canadian actor
• 1983 – Seán Dillon, Irish footballer
• 1984 – Gabrielle Christian, American actress and singer
• 1984 – Kevin Pittsnogle, American basketball player
• 1985 – Aml Ameen, English actor
• 1985 – Daniel Fredheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
• 1986 – Tiago Alencar, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Anton Fink, German footballer
• 1987 – Sam Saunders, American golfer
• 1988 – Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress
• 1989 – Aleix Espargaró, Spanish motorcycle racer
• 1989 – Johannes Halbig, German musician (Killerpilze)
• 1989 – Wayne Parnell, South African cricketer
• 1990 – Martin Stosch, German singer
• 1990 – Coco Sumner, Italian-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1991 – Diana Vickers, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1992 – Hannah Cockroft, English paralympic athlete
• 1993 – Katie Cecil, American singer, guitarist, and actress (KSM)
• 1993 – Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1993 – Margarida Moura, Portuguese tennis player
• 1998 – Johnny Bennett, English-Irish actor
• 1999 – Joey King, American actress
• 2002 – Prince Hridayendra of Nepal

Deaths

• 578 – Jacob Baradaeus, Mesopotamian Bishop of Edessa
• 579 – Pope Benedict I
• 1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest (b. 1497)
• 1540 – Robert Barnes, English reformer and martyr (b. 1495)
• 1550 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)
• 1652 – Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
• 1680 – Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
• 1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain (b. 1638)
• 1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
• 1718 – William Penn, English businessman and philosopher, founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
• 1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet and scholar (b. 1716)
• 1789 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. c. 1713)
• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Mexican priest and independence leader (b. 1753)
• 1875 – George Pickett, American general (b. 1825)
• 1889 – Charlie Absolom, England cricketer (b. 1846)
• 1898 – Otto von Bismarck, German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (b. 1815)
• 1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
• 1912 – Emperor Meiji of Japan (b. 1852)
• 1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
• 1920 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-Spanish footballer and businessman, founder of FC Barcelona (b. 1877)
• 1938 – John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
• 1947 – Joseph Cook, Australian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
• 1965 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese novelist (b. 1886)
• 1970 – Walter Murdoch, Australian academic and essayist (b. 1874)
• 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
• 1983 – Howard Dietz, American songwriter and publicist (b. 1896)
• 1983 – Lynn Fontanne, English actress (b. 1887)
• 1985 – Julia Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
• 1989 – Lane Frost, American bull rider (b. 1963)
• 1992 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian writer and illustrator (b. 1914)
• 1994 – Ryszard Riedel, Polish singer-songwriter (Dżem) (b. 1956)
• 1996 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (b. 1903)
• 1997 – Bao Dai, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Jorge Russek, Mexican actor (b. 1932)
• 1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)
• 2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Andre Noble, Canadian actor (b. 1979)
• 2005 – Ray Cunningham, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 2005 – John Garang, Sudanese politician, 11th Vice President of Sudan (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Anthony Walker, English murder victim (b. 1987)
• 2006 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Murray Bookchin, American philosopher and author (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Anthony Galla-Rini, American accordionist, composer, and author (b. 1904)
• 2006 – Akbar Mohammadi, Iranian activist (b. 1972)
• 2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Teoctist Arăpaşu, Romanian patriarch (b. 1915)
• 2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Bill Walsh, American football coach (b. 1931)
• 2008 – Anne Armstrong American diplomat and politician (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Peter Zadek, German director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Bob Peterson, American basketball player (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Maeve Binchy, Irish author, playwright, and journalist (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Les Green, English footballer and manager (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Jonathan Hardy, New Zealand actor and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Chris Marker, French writer, photographer, and journalist (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Héctor Tizón, Argentinian writer and diplomat (b. 1929)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abdon and Sennen
  • Peter Chrysologus
  • Ursus of Auxerre
  • July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of the Throne (Morocco)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Vanuatu from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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