Jurassic Park (franchise)
| Jurassic Park | |
|---|---|
 Jurassic Park Adventure Pack DVD Box Set |
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| Directed by | Steven Spielberg (1–2) Joe Johnston (3) Colin Trevorrow (4) |
| Produced by | Kathleen Kennedy (1, 3) Gerald R. Molen (1–3) Colin Wilson (2) Larry J. Franco (3) Patrick Crowley (4) Frank Marshall (4) |
| Screenplay by | Michael Crichton (1) David Koepp (1–2) Peter Buchman (3) Alexander Payne (3) Jim Taylor (3) Rick Jaffa (4)[1] Amanda Silver (4)[1] |
| Based on | Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton |
| Music by | John Williams (1–2) Don Davis (3) |
| Cinematography | Dean Cundey (1) Janusz Kaminski (2) Shelly Johnson (3) |
| Editing by | Michael Kahn (1–2) Robert Dalva (3) |
| Studio | Amblin Entertainment |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date(s) | 1993 – present |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $229 million |
| Box office | $1,902,110,923 |
The Jurassic Park franchise is a series of books, films, comics, videos, and video games centering on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Studios bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published.
The book was successful, as was the 1993 film adaptation which led to two sequels, although the last was not based on a novel, as the previous films were. The software developers Ocean Software, BlueSky Software, Sega of America and Telltale Games have had the rights to developing video games since the 1993 film, and numerous games have been produced.
The Jurassic Park Ultimate Trilogy was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on October 25, 2011 in North America.
Jurassic Park was re-released in 3D on April 5, 2013.[2]
Jurassic Park 4 was originally scheduled to be released on June 13, 2014 but has since been delayed indefinitely. Patrick Crowley and Frank Marshall are still signed on as producers with a script written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. On March 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as the director and has been attached as early as June of 2012.[3]
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Development [edit]
Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay around a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA. After wrestling with this idea for a while, he came up with Jurassic Park.[4] Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER. Before the book was published, Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $1.5 million as well as a substantial percentage of the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton, Sony Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner, and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante also bid for the rights,[5] Universal further paid Crichton $500,000 to adapt his own novel,[6] but in May 1990, Universal eventually decided on Spielberg making the adaption.[5] Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park, as it became a critical[7] and commercial[8] success.
After Jurassic Park was released to home video, Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel. Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a movie adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately. After the novel was published in 1995, The Lost World: Jurassic Park began production in September 1996.[9]
Before the production of the second film, Joe Johnston approached Steven Spielberg about directing the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct.[10] Production began on August 30, 2000.[11]
Books [edit]
Jurassic Park stemmed from the idea of a screenplay about cloning a pterosaur from fossilized DNA.[12] Michael Crichton worked on the idea for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting and a young boy as the main character.[12] Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult's point of view, which went over much better.[12]
A sequel novel began after readers and Steven Spielberg himself pressured Michael Crichton for a sequel novel.[13] Michael Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's novel of the same name.[14] The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics.[13] A film adaptation was released in 1997.
Films [edit]
Jurassic Park (1993) [edit]
Before Crichton's book was even published studios such as Warner Bros., Columbia TriStar, 20th Century Fox, and Universal had already began bidding to acquire the picture rights. Spielberg, with the backing of Universal Studios, acquired the rights to the novel before its publication in 1990, and Crichton himself was hired by Universal Studios for an additional US$500,000 to adapt the novel into a proper screenplay. David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters.
Jurassic Park is regarded as a landmark in the use of computer-generated imagery, and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic), and it is currently the 21st highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg.
Jurassic Park was converted into 3D and it was re-released on April 5, 2013 for its 20th Anniversary.[15][16][17]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) [edit]
After the success of the first 1993 film, fans and critics alike pressured Michael Crichton for a sequel novel. Having never done one before, Crichton originally declined, but when Steven Spielberg finally started pressuring Crichton, a sequel novel was announced. As soon as the novel was published, a film was in pre-production, with a target release date of mid-1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film had mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Although the film is said to be based on Crichton's novel, exactly one scene from the book was actually used in the movie.
The film centers on Isla Sorna, an auxiliary island for the main Jurassic Park island, where dinosaurs have taken over and live in the wild. Ian Malcolm goes to the island to "rescue" his girlfriend who has gone to the island, without his knowledge, to document the dinosaurs in their native habitat, while an InGen team attempts to capture them for a second Jurassic Park in San Diego.
Jurassic Park III (2001) [edit]
Joe Johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct.[10] Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000[11] with filming in California, Oahu, and Molokai.[18] The film was a success and had mixed reviews from critics. Most were split on whether the third installment was better or worse than its predecessor. The film once again suffered reviews mentioning little to no characterization.
No character who was in the second film appears in this one, although Grant and Sattler from the original installment return, and Ian Malcolm and John Hammond are mentioned. The setting is Isla Sorna, the island from the second film, after a couple hires Dr. Grant, ostensibly for a guided tour, but in reality to help rescue their son, Eric. Their plane crashes on the island, and the survivors attempt to escape, while being stalked by a Spinosaurus and Velociraptors.
Jurassic Park 4 (TBA) [edit]
Within a year after the release of Jurassic Park III, rumors began to circulate regarding a potential fourth film. Over the next 11 years, the film remained in development hell as no concrete information was revealed. In early 2013, Universal Pictures confirmed a release date, as well as a director.[19][20][21][22] Rumors regarding casting and plot persist, as these two subjects have not yet been elaborated by Universal.
Principal cast [edit]
| Character | Film | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park | Jurassic Park III | |
| Dr. Alan Grant | Sam Neill | Sam Neill | |
| Dr. Ian Malcolm | Jeff Goldblum | ||
| Dr. Ellie Degler (Sattler) | Laura Dern | Laura Dern | |
| John Hammond | Richard Attenborough | ||
| Lex Murphy | Ariana Richards | ||
| Tim Murphy | Joseph Mazzello | ||
| Dr. Sarah Harding | Julianne Moore | ||
| Kelly Malcolm | Vanessa Lee Chester | ||
| Nick Van Owen | Vince Vaughn | ||
| Paul Kirby | William H. Macy | ||
| Amanda Kirby | Téa Leoni | ||
| Billy Brennan | Alessandro Nivola | ||
| Eric Kirby | Trevor Morgan | ||
| Roland Tembo | Pete Postlethwaite | ||
| Peter Ludlow | Arliss Howard | ||
| Robert Muldoon | Bob Peck | ||
| Ray Arnold | Samuel L. Jackson | ||
| Dennis Nedry | Wayne Knight | ||
| Donald Gennaro | Martin Ferrero | ||
| Ajay Sidhu | Harvey Jason | ||
| Dr. Robert Burke | Thomas F. Duffy | ||
| Dieter Stark | Peter Stormare | ||
| Eddie Carr | Richard Schiff | ||
| Udesky | Michael Jeter | ||
| M.B. Nash | Bruce A. Young | ||
| Cooper | John Diehl | ||
| Ben Hildebrand | Mark Harelik | ||
Reception [edit]
Academy Awards [edit]
| Award | Film | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park | Jurassic Park III | |
| Sound Editing | Won | ||
| Sound Mixing | Won | ||
| Visual Effects | Won | Nomination | |
Grammy Awards [edit]
| Award | Film | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park | Jurassic Park III | |
| Best Score Soundtrack | Nomination | Nomination | |
Box office performance [edit]
| Film | Release date | Box office revenue | Box office ranking | Budget | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Foreign | Worldwide | All time domestic | All time worldwide | ||||
| Jurassic Park | June 11, 1993 | $357,067,947 | $557,623,171 | $958,993,322 | #22 #20(A) |
#23 | $63 million | [23] |
| The Lost World: Jurassic Park | May 23, 1997 | $229,086,679 | $389,552,320 | $618,638,999 | #87 #97(A) |
#69 | $73 million | [24] |
| Jurassic Park III | July 18, 2001 | $181,171,875 | $187,608,934 | $368,780,809 | #153 | #185 | $93 million | [25] |
| Jurassic Park IV | June 13, 2014 | |||||||
| Total | $767,326,501 | $1,134,784,425 | $1,902,110,926 | N/A | N/A | $229 million | N/A | |
List indicator(s)
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Critical reaction [edit]
| Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic |
|---|---|---|
| Jurassic Park | 92% (100 reviews)[26] | 68 (20 reviews)[27] |
| The Lost World: Jurassic Park | 52% (64 reviews)[28] | 59 (18 reviews)[29] |
| Jurassic Park III | 49% (158 reviews)[30] | 42 (30 reviews)[31] |
| Average ratings | 64% |
Comic books [edit]
Topps Comics [edit]
From June 1993 to August 1997 the now-defunct Topps Comics published comic adaptions of Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park, as well as several tie-in series.
- Jurassic Park #0–4 (June – September 1993). Adaptation of the movie, adapted by Walter Simonson and pencilled by Gil Kane. Each issue had two covers – a main cover by Gil Kane, with the variant by Dave Cockrum. Issue #0 features two prequel stories to the movie, and was only available with the trade paperback of the movie adaption.
- Jurassic Park: Raptor #1–2 (November – December 1993). First part of the "Raptor" trilogy. Written by Steve Englehart and pencilled by Armando Gil and Dell Barras.
- Jurassic Park: Raptors Attack #1–4 (March – June 1994). Second part of the "Raptor" trilogy Written by Steve Englehart, pencilled by Armando Gil (#1) and Chaz Truog, with covers by Michael Golden.
- Jurassic Park: Raptors Hijack #1–4 (July – October 1994). Third part of the "Raptor" trilogy. Written by Steve Englehart, pencilled by Neil Vokes, with covers by Michael Golden.
- Jurassic Park: Annual #1 (May 1995). Featuring two stories, one being a sequel and one being a prequel. Written by Bob Almond Michael Golden and Renée Witterstaetter, pencilled by Claude St. Aubin and Ed Murr, with a cover by Michael Golden.
- Return to Jurassic Park #1–9 (April 1995 – February 1996). Ongoing series. The first four issues were written by Steve Englehart and pencilled by Joe Staton. The next four issues were written by Tom Bierbaum and Mary Bierbaum, being drawn by Armando Gil. The first 8 issues had covers by Michael Golden. The ninth and final issue was a jam book written by Keith Giffen and Dwight Jon Zimmerman, featuring artwork by such acclaimed artists as Jason Pearson, Adam Hughes, Paul Gulacy, John Byrne, Kevin Maguire, Mike Zeck, George Pérez and Paul Chadwick, with a cover by John Bolton.
- The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 (May – August 1997). Adaptation of the second movie. Adapted by Don McGregor and pencilled by Jeff Butler (#1–2) and Claude St. Aubin (#3–4). Each issue of the series featured two covers – one by Walter Simonson and a photo cover.
IDW Comics [edit]
Beginning in June 2010, IDW Publishing began publishing Jurassic Park comics. They also acquired the rights to reprint the issues published by Topps in the 1990s, which they began to do in trade paperback format starting in November 2010. Mark Schultz will be drawing a future cover.
- Jurassic Park: Redemption #1–5 (June 2010 – October 2010). Five-issue series written by Bob Schreck with art by Nate van Dyke. Each issue has a main cover penciled by Tom Yeates, with variant covers by Frank Miller, Arthur Adams, Paul Pope, Bernie Wrightson, and Bill Stout, respectively.
- Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert #1–4 (January 2011 – April 2011) Four-issue series written and illustrated by John Byrne.
- Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games #1-5 (September 2011 - January 2012) Five-issue series written by Greg Bear and Erik Bear, with art by Jorge Jimenez and a variant cover by Geof Darrow.
This series has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:
| Title | Material collected | Page Number | ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic Park | Jurassic Park #1-4 | ISBN 1-85286-502-4 | |
| The Lost World: Jurassic Park | The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1-4 | ISBN 1-85286-885-6 | |
| Jurassic Park Vol. 1: Redemption | Jurassic Park Redemption #1-5 | 120 pages | ISBN 1-60010-850-1 |
| Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert | Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert #1-4 | 104 pages | ISBN 1-60010-923-3 |
| Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games | Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games #1-5 | 112 pages | ISBN 1-61377-002-2 |
| Classic Jurassic Park Volume 1 | Jurassic Park #1-4 | 104 pages | ISBN 1-60010-760-5 |
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Classic Jurassic Park Volume 2: Raptors' Revenge |
Juassic Park #0, Jurassic Park: Raptor #1-2, Jurassic Park: Raptors Attack #1-4 | 192 pages | ISBN 1-60010-885-7 |
| Classic Jurassic Park Volume 3: Amazon Adventure! | Jurassic Park: Raptors Hijack #1-4, Jurassic Park: Annual #1 | 124 pages | ISBN 1-61377-042-1 |
| Classic Jurassic Park Volume 4: Return to Jurassic Park, Part 1 | Return to Jurassic Park #1-4 | 128 pages | ISBN 1-61377-117-7
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 5 : Return To Jurassic Park, Part 2 Coming out in January 2013. |
Video games [edit]
When the first film was released in 1993, two different video game publishers were given the rights to publish games based on it, Sega and Ocean Software. They both produced several different games based on the movie for several different game systems, including the NES and Sega Genesis. In 1994, Ocean Software produced a sequel to the first game in the series for the Game Boy and SNES systems. Universal Interactive also produced an interactive game for the ill-fated 3DO system.
For the second film in the franchise, DreamWorks Interactive released 5 games for the most popular systems at the time. The third film had the biggest marketing push, spawning seven video games for PC and Game Boy Advance. A number of lightgun arcade games were also released for all three films.
In 2003, Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis was released for the Xbox, PlayStation 2, and PC.
A new episodic video game series based on the Jurassic Park franchise, bridging the story of the first two movies and entitled Jurassic Park: The Game, was developed by Telltale Games in a deal with Universal.[32] It was released on November 15, 2011.
A new game that is based on the Jurassic Park franchise was released July 23, 2012 as an app for iOS devices.
The Ride [edit]
Jurassic Park water rides can be found in every Universal Studios theme park in the world.
References [edit]
- ^ a b Universal Sets 'Rise of Planet of the Apes' Writers for 'Jurassic Park 4'. Deadline.com. Retrieved on 2012-09-04.
- ^ "Jurassic Park Re-release". Universal. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "Colin Trevorrow to Direct Jurassic Park 4". Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ Michael Crichton (2001). Michael Crichton on the Jurassic Park Phenomenon (DVD). Universal.
- ^ a b Jurassic Park DVD Production Notes
- ^ Appelo, Tim (December 7, 1990). "Leaping Lizards". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
- ^ Jurassic Park – Movie Reviews, Trailers, Pictures – Rotten Tomatoes. Rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved on 2012-09-04.
- ^ (1993)]
- ^ "The FOUND WORLD JURASSIC PARK". British Film Institute. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
- ^ a b The Making of Jurassic Park III (DVD). Universal Pictures. 2005.
- ^ a b "Jurassic Park III". British Film Institute. Retrieved July 9, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Jurassic Park". MichaelCrichton.com. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
- ^ a b The Lost World: Jurassic Park DVD Special Features – Production Notes
- ^ The Lost World. MichaelCrichton.com. Retrieved on 2012-09-04.
- ^ "'Jurassic Park' to be re-released in 3D". NME. March 17, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ Rich, Katey (March 16, 2012). "Jurassic Park 3D Coming To Theaters In July 2013". Cinema Blend. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ Armitage, Hugh (March 16, 2012). "'Jurassic Park 3D' coming in 2013". Digital Spy. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park III". Hollywood.com. Retrieved July 9, 2007.
- ^ "Jurassic Park 4 Gets a Director (Hint: It's Not Steven Spielberg)". E! Online. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ Jurassic Park 4 to be directed by Colin Trevorrow
- ^ The Deadline Team (January 11, 2013). "BREAKING: Universal Sets Date for 'Jurassic Park 4'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
- ^ "Universal sets "Jurassic Park 4" for Summer 2014!". Horror Movies and Stuff. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
- ^ "Jurassic Park (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park III (2001)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park". Metacritic. CBS. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "The Lost World: Jurassic Park". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "The Lost World: Jurassic Park". Metacritic. CBS. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park III". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Jurassic Park III". Metacritic. CBS. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ Kollar, Phil (June 8, 2010). "Telltale Creating Episodic Jurassic Park Game". GameInformer.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
External links [edit]
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