Kala (album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Kala | ||||
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| Studio album by M.I.A. | ||||
| Released | 8 August 2007 | |||
| Recorded | February 2006–2007 | |||
| Genre | Electronica, dance, alternative dance[1] | |||
| Length | 47:32 | |||
| Label | XL | |||
| Producer | M.I.A., Switch, Blaqstarr, Timbaland, Morganics, Diplo | |||
| Professional reviews | ||||
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| M.I.A. chronology | ||||
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| Singles from Kala | ||||
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Kala is the second studio album by British musician M.I.A., released in August 2007. The album features musical styles ranging from dance music and alternative hip hop to urumee melam, a style native to the state of Tamil Nadu, South India. It was mainly written and produced by M.I.A. and Switch, and features contributions from Timbaland, Diplo, Afrikan Boy and The Wilcannia Mob.
M.I.A. named the album after her mother, in contrast to her first album Arular, which was named after her father, and stated that her mother's struggles in life are a major theme of the recording. Tracks for the album were recorded during 2006 and 2007 in various locations around the world, including India and Trinidad. Planned sessions in the United States failed to occur after M.I.A. was refused a visa to re-enter the country.
Kala was hailed by critics and was ranked as one of the best albums of the year by several publications. It reached number 18 on the Billboard 200 chart and topped the magazine's Top Electronic Albums chart. In M.I.A.'s native United Kingdom it reached number 39 on the UK Albums Chart, 59 places higher than her debut album. Kala has spawned the singles "Boyz", "Jimmy" and "Paper Planes".
Contents |
[edit] Composition and recording
M.I.A. (Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam) had spoken in 2005 of her intention to work with Timbaland on several tracks for her second album, including during her appearance on MuchMusic's MuchOnDemand music show in September 2005, and at one point it was anticipated that he would produce the bulk of the album.[11][12] However, she was unable to gain a visa to re-enter the U.S. reportedly due to her family's connections with guerrillas in Sri Lanka.[13] This led to conflicts between the two artists' schedules and meant that Timbaland's involvement was restricted to a poorly-received guest verse on the track "Come Around".[11] M.I.A. instead opted to record the album at a variety of locations around the world.[14]
She travelled to India to meet A. R. Rahman, but found it hard to communicate her ideas to him and the planned musical collaboration did not take place.[14] Rahman did, however, provide M.I.A. with a number of contacts and allow her to use his studio, where 22 members of drumming group The Tapes were recorded for Kala.[15][16] Producer Switch, who had initially travelled to India purely to engineer the planned sessions, ultimately became involved in the composition of several tracks for the album.[14] A visit to Angola to work with DJ Znobia was cancelled after Znobia was involved in a car accident,[14] but M.I.A. was able to record in Trinidad, Liberia, Jamaica and Australia.[8][17] She and Switch relied heavily on Logic Pro, a digital audio workstation produced by Apple.[15][16] The album features guest vocals from Afrikan Boy, The Wilcannia Mob, and Timbaland, and further collaborations with Switch, Blaqstarr, Morganics and Diplo.[1] Songs were recorded using her laptop, in unconventional environments such as on balconies, in cupboards, in rooms with cockroaches, and next to fields of cheering festival-goers to capture different sounds.[18][19][20] She likened the process to "making a big old marble cake with lots of different countries and influences. Then you slice it up and call each slice a song".[14]
[edit] Music and lyrics
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"I used to see songwriting like editing a film or something. You can edit music like you can edit a film. Or if I was painting or making a picture or something, that night I could sit down and write a song. I think it really helps to break things up. I was just writing beats from one machine, the 505. I was just really excited about discovering something that involved one voice, one tool, one room, one human being. To me, it wasn’t like making a film, where you need thirty people and money and funding and someone to print it up for you and show it somewhere."
—M.I.A., Westword.com interview (2008)[21]
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Kala is named after M.I.A.'s mother, in contrast to her previous album, Arular, which was named after her father.[22] She contends that Arular was a "masculine" album, but that Kala "is about my mum and her struggle – how do you work, feed your children, nurture them and give them the power of information?"[18][23] She further summed the album up as "shapes, colours, Africa, street, power, bitch, nu world, and brave."[24]
The tracks "Boyz" and "Bird Flu" use urumee drums, a signature instrument of the gaana music of Tamil Nadu, with which M.I.A. was familiar from her time spent living in Sri Lanka. She later worked on these tracks further in Trinidad in a soca environment.[14][25][26] The lyrics of "Boyz" deal with the artist's time in Jamaica, and reference Jamaican dance moves.[14] The song "Hussel" began as an image in M.I.A.'s head of refugees being smuggled in boats, which she expressed musically by imagining how "if they banged that beat on the side of a boat, what would it sound like? That's why it's all echo-y and submarine-y".[14] "World Town" used instrumentation from the temple music she recalled waking up to as a child in Sri Lanka.[14] After playing the track to children in Liberia, she expressed a desire to record a video for the song there.[14] M.I.A.'s "flat, unaffected vocals and delivery of lyrics" on some songs drew comparisons to British post-punk bands such as Delta 5 and The Slits. She says it "was just what was happening to me naturally...I wanted it to be difficult and raw and not get into it so much".[25]
M.I.A. opted to work with Afrikan Boy, who provides vocals on the song "Hussel", because he seemed comfortable with his identity as a "real immigrant" and because his background was different to that of most MCs in the grime genre.[26] She sought to include her remix of The Wilcannia Mob's song "Mango Pickle Down River" on the album, as opposed to a future mix-tape, because she felt it was rare to hear the "aboriginal voice" in recorded music,[26] and described opening track "Bamboo Banga" as having a "bamboo-stick beat, house-y feel".[26] The song "Jimmy" was included as a tribute to her mother and is M.I.A.'s version of an old Bollywood film track to which she used to dance at parties as a child.[25] Despite the involvement of Baltimore club musician Blaqstarr, "The Turn" turned out to be the album's only ballad, and the track has been described as the least like club music.[26] "20 Dollar" was written about the relative ease of buying AK-47s in war-torn Liberia.[27] "XR2" recalls part of the artist's life growing up with rave music in early 1990s London,[26] while the song "Paper Planes" jokingly plays on M.I.A.'s problems with visas and certain perceptions of immigrants.[28]
[edit] Artwork
The album's packaging includes photographs taken by M.I.A. herself and others in Liberia and Jamaica.[29] The cover artwork to Kala, designed by M.I.A., features neon fractal patterns and repeated slogans, including "Fight On! Fight On! Fight On!", which surrounds her image on the front cover.[19][30] The cover was considered garish, prompting The Village Voice to comment "Maybe one day [she'll] make an album cover that it doesn't hurt to look at".[25] Additional graphics for the album were provided by English fashion designer Carri Mundane (a.k.a Cassette Playa) and Steve Loveridge.[29]
[edit] Release
In April 2007 Rolling Stone reported that Kala would be released on 26 June of that year.[31] After being delayed for unknown reasons, the album was eventually released by XL Recordings on 8 August 2007 in Japan and on 20 August in the UK, and by Interscope Records on 21 August in the United States.[32] The Japanese edition featured three extra tracks not included on the versions released in other countries.[33] The album debuted at number 18 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 29,000 copies in its first week.[34] In the UK Albums Chart it debuted at number 39.[35] Following the unexpected commercial success of "Paper Planes", Kala was re-issued in the United Kingdom in October 2008.[36] A 4 November 2008 U.S. re-release was announced,[37] but as of late 2009 the album had not been re-issued in the United States.
[edit] Promotion and accolades
M.I.A. began her promotion of the new album with a live appearance at Radio 1's Big Weekend in Preston in May 2007, where she performed six songs from Kala.[38] In July she began the full KALA Tour with dates in the United States before going on to play a number of festivals in Europe and America.[39] After dates in Asia,[40] she returned to America for a series of shows in October and November,[41] before ending the year with concerts in the UK.[42] The tour continued during the first half of 2008 under the banner of the People Vs. Money Tour with further dates in North America,[32] although the planned European leg of the tour was eventually cancelled.[43]
The first track from the album to be made available to the public was "Bird Flu", which was posted on M.I.A.'s MySpace page, with an accompanying music video, in February 2007.[44][45] The first official single to be lifted from the album, "Boyz", was released on 11 June 2007.[32][46] The second single was "Jimmy", which was released on 1 October 2007.[47] The EP Paper Planes - Homeland Security Remixes EP, featuring various mixes of "Paper Planes", was released digitally on 11 February 2008 and physically three weeks later.[48] A new physical single version was released in the UK on 13 October 2008.[49] Also in October 2008, How Many Votes Fix Mix EP was released, containing a remix of "Boyz" with Jay-Z and the tracks "Shells" and "Far Far".[50]
Kala achieved a high placing on most publications' end of year "best of 2007" lists, including placings at 8 (Stylus),[51] 7 (NME),[52] 6 (Paste,[53] The A.V. Club,[54] Entertainment Weekly),[55] 4 (The Guardian[56] and Drowned in Sound),[57] and 3 (Pitchfork Media).[58] The album was also listed at number 3 on The Village Voice's 35th annual Pazz & Jop poll.[59] Blender named Kala as their number 1 album of 2007,[60] and it ranked number 1 on the Rolling Stone list of the Top 50 Albums of 2007.[61] "Boyz" was number 9 and "Shells" number 67 on the same magazine's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007 and 2008 respectively.[62][63] In 2009 NME placed the album at number 72 in its list of the 100 greatest albums of the decade.[64]
[edit] Critical reaction
Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, reported an average score of 87 based on 37 reviews, described as "universal acclaim".[65] Robert Christgau, reviewing the album for Rolling Stone, said that Kala "strikes deep. There's a resolute sarcasm, a weariness and defiant determination, a sense of pleasure carved out of work - articulated by the lyrics, embodied by the music."[8] Eric R. Danton of The Hartford Courant called Kala "pop music without the vapidity, and political music without the condescension."[66] Under the Radar, in a positive review, noted that Kala "not only doesn't disappoint, it renews faith in M.I.A. and confirms her commitment to the individualistic sound she has created."[67] Conversely, Dusted's Ben Tausig described the album as "inconclusive" and said it "plays as mixed media pastiche".[68] Vibe said "the majority of Kala...is limp and unfocussed."[10] Writing in NME, Alex Miller acknowledged that M.I.A.'s music polarised opinion, claiming that some members of the magazine's staff had "fed several copies [of the album] into the shredder claiming aural abuse", but went on to praise the album for its innovation and refer to it as the artist's masterpiece.[64]
[edit] Commercial performance
As of February 2009, Kala had sold over 440,000 copies in the United States.[69] It reached number 18 on the Billboard 200 album chart, but topped the Top Electronic Albums chart,[70] and also reached the top 10 on the magazine's Top Rap Albums chart. In the UK the album did not chart as well, failing to rise above its debut position of 39 on the UK Albums Chart, although this significantly outperformed the number 98 position attained by Arular.[71] The album also reached the top 40 in a number of other countries.[72]
[edit] Track listing
| # | Title | Songwriter(s)[29] | Other[29] | Featured guest(s)[29] | Time[29] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Bamboo Banga" | Mathangi Arulpragasam, Ilaiyaraaja, Jonathan Richman, Dave Taylor | Incorporates elements of "Roadrunner" by Jonathan Richman (1976) and "Kaattukkuyilu", written and performed by Ilaiyaraaja from the 1991 Tamil film Dalapathi. | 4:58 | |
| 2 | "Bird Flu" | Arulpragasam, R. P. Patnaik, Taylor | Incorporates elements of "Thirvizha Na Vantha" written and performed by R. P. Patnaik from the Tamil film Jayam. | 3:24 | |
| 3 | "Boyz" | Arulpragasam, Taylor | 3:27 | ||
| 4 | "Jimmy" | Arulpragasam, Bappi Lahiri, Taylor | Incorporates elements of "Jimmy Jimmy Aaja" composed by Bappi Lahiri from the 1982 Bollywood film Disco Dancer. | 3:29 | |
| 5 | "Hussel" | Arulpragasam, Wesley Pentz, Taylor | Afrikan Boy | 4:25 | |
| 6 | "Mango Pickle Down River" | Brendan Adams, Arulpragasam, Buddy Blair, Keith Dutton, Walter Ebsworth, Roy Johnson, Lendal King, Morgan Lewis, Daniel M. Wright | Remixed from the original recording by the Wilcannia Mob ("Down River"). | The Wilcannia Mob | 3:53 |
| 7 | "20 Dollar" | Arulpragasam, Charles Thompson, Taylor | Incorporates elements of the Pixies' song "Where Is My Mind?". | 4:34 | |
| 8 | "World Town" | Arulpragasam, Blaqstarr, Taylor | Incorporates elements of "Hands Up, Thumbs Down" written by Blaqstarr. | 3:53 | |
| 9 | "The Turn" | Arulpragasam, Blaqstarr | 3:52 | ||
| 10 | "XR2" | Arulpragasam, Pentz, Taylor | 4:20 | ||
| 11 | "Paper Planes" | Arulpragasam, Mick Jones, Topper Headon, Pentz, Paul Simonon, Joe Strummer | Incorporates elements of The Clash's 1982 song "Straight to Hell". | 3:24 | |
| 12 | "Come Around" | Arulpragasam, Timothy Clayton, Timothy Mosley | Timbaland | 3:53 | |
| 13 | "Far Far" (Japanese bonus track) | Arulpragasam, Taylor | 3:24 | ||
| 14 | "Big Branch" (Japanese and iTunes bonus track) | Arulpragasam, Pentz | 2:44 | ||
| 15 | "What I Got" (Japanese bonus track) | Arulpragasam, Charles Smith, Anthony Kiedis, Flea, John Frusciante, Chad Smith | Incorporates elements of Red Hot Chili Peppers 1991 song "Give It Away". | 3:24 | |
| 16 | "Bird Flu (Cavemen Remix)" (Best Buy bonus track) | Arulpragasam, Patnaik, Taylor | 3:18 |
[edit] Reissue bonus disc
| # | Title | Songwriter(s)[73] | Other[73] | Featured guest(s)[73] | Time[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Paper Planes (Afrikan Boy And Rye Rye Remix)" | Arulpragasam, Jones, Headon, Pentz, Simonon, Strummer | Incorporates elements of The Clash's 1982 song "Straight to Hell". | Afrikan Boy, Rye Rye | 4:01 |
| 2 | "Shells" | Arulpragasam | 2:36 | ||
| 3 | "Far Far" | Arulpragasam, Taylor | 3:25 | ||
| 4 | "Big Branch" | Arulpragasam, Pentz, Taylor | 2:46 | ||
| 5 | "What I Got" | Arulpragasam, Smith, Anthony Kiedis, Flea, John Frusciante, Chad Smith | Incorporates elements of Red Hot Chili Peppers 1991 song "Give It Away". | 3:15 | |
| 6 | "Sound of Kuduro" | Arulpragasam, Buraka Som Sistema | Buraka Som Sistema | 3:40 |
[edit] Personnel
The following people are credited on the album:[29][73]
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[edit] Charts
| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Australian ARIA Albums Chart[72] | 46 |
| Belgium Albums Chart[72] | 22 |
| Canadian Albums Chart[74] | 16 |
| French Albums Chart[72] | 117 |
| Irish Albums Chart[75] | 22 |
| Japanese Oricon Albums Chart[76] | 23 |
| Netherlands Albums Chart[72] | 44 |
| Norwegian Albums Chart[72] | 22 |
| UK Albums Chart[71] | 39 |
| U.S. Billboard 200[70] | 18 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Electronic Albums[70] | 1 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Rap Albums[70] | 8 |
[edit] References
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