Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant
| Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Official name | Baltiiskaya NPP |
| Country | Russia |
| Location | Neman, Kaliningrad Oblast |
| Coordinates | 54°56′21.55″N 22°09′44.49″E / 54.9393194°N 22.1623583°ECoordinates: 54°56′21.55″N 22°09′44.49″E / 54.9393194°N 22.1623583°E |
| Status | Under construction |
| Construction began | 25 February 2010 |
| Commission date | 2016 (expected) |
| Owner(s) | Rosenergoatom |
| Developer(s) | Inter RAO UES |
| Reactor information | |
| Reactors planned | 2 x 1,170 MWe |
| Reactor supplier(s) | Atomenergoprom |
| Power generation information | |
| Maximum capacity | 2,340 MWe |
| Website baltnpp.rosenergoatom.ru |
|
| As of 31 October 2010 | |
The Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant (also referred as Baltic Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) or Baltiiskaya NPP, Russian: Калининградская атомная электростанция; Калининградская АЭС [
pronunciation (help·info)] or Балтийская АЭС [ pronunciation (help·info)]) is a nuclear power plant under construction 13 kilometers south-east of Neman, in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.[1][2] It is seen as a counter-project to the plan to build the Visaginas nuclear power plant in Lithuania and is considered not only as energy, but also as a geopolitical project.[3][4][5][6]
Contents |
[edit] Motivation
The nuclear power plant is foreseen to secure power supply for the Kaliningrad Oblast and to replace a natural gas-based power generation. It has been mentioned that the Kaliningrad Oblast needs the project "because for the time being it imports energy from NATO countries."[5] The excess electricity is planned to be exported into the EU market.[2][6][7] According to Sergey Boyarkin, deputy general director of Rosenergoatom, the first reactor will supply for the Kaliningrad Oblast needs while the electricity produced by the second reactor will be exported.[8] Lithuania, Poland and Germany are named as potential export markets.[9][10]
Sergey Boyarkin has said that the shutdown of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant combined with Polish plans to scrap coal-fired generation in compliance with environmental regulation means that the Baltic region faces an energy crisis by 2015.[11][7] He also has said that Kaliningrad Oblast will be isolated from electricity supplies from Russia if the Baltic states de-synchronize themselves from the Russian electricity grid and join the synchronous grid of Continental Europe (ENTSO-E grid).[11] He as also mentioned technical complications and unreliability of electricity transfer from Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant, the main supplier of Kaliningrad Oblast, via Belarus and Lithuania.[8]
On the other hand, the project has been seen as a counter-project to the Visaginas nuclear power plant project in Lithuania.[7][3][4] Russia has invited Lithuania to participate in the project, instead of building the nuclear power plant in Lithuania.[10]
[edit] History
A framework construction agreement was signed between the head of Rosatom Sergei Kiriyenko and Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast Georgy Boos on 16 April 2008. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed the order for construction of the 2,300 Megawatt plant in September 2009.[1] Ground preparation works started on 25 February 2010 and the first concrete is scheduled to be laid in April 2011.[12][13]
[edit] Technical features
Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant will consist of two VVER-1200/491 pressurized water reactors in an AES-2006 standard design configuration. The reactors have a capacity of 1150 MWe each and will be supplied by Atomstroyexport.[2]
The first reactor is planned to be operational by 2016 with onsite construction started in 2010, and the second build-out will be from 2012 to 2018.[1] Cost is expected to be around €6 billion and design is to be completed by the end of 2009. Two further reactors could be added in the future depending on economic development in Kaliningrad and in the Baltic region in general.[14]
[edit] Project development
The project is developed by Rosatom's subsidiary Inter RAO UES.[2][15] According to Rosatom, 49% of shares in the project will be offered to European companies. This will be the first Russian nuclear power plant with foreign participation.[14] It is not decided yet which companies will participate in the project. Potential investors named in this context are ČEZ, Enel, and Iberdrola.[16][17][18]
[edit] Reactors
The Kalningrad NPP has two firmly planned units:
| Unit | Reactor type | Net capacity |
Gross capacity |
Construction started |
Commercial Operation |
Shutdown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltiisk 1[19] | VVER-1200/491 | 1082 MW | 1170 MW | (01.04.2011) | (2016) | - |
| Baltiisk 2[20] | VVER-1200/491 | 1082 MW | 1170 MW | (2012) | (2018) | - |
[edit] External Links
[edit] References
- ^ a b c "Russia to build Kaliningrad nuclear plant". UPI. 2009-09-029. http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Resource-Wars/2009/09/29/Russia-to-build-Kaliningrad-nuclear-plant/UPI-96641254255230/. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
- ^ a b c d "Nuclear Power in Russia". World Nuclear Association. 2010-10-25. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b "Russia plans nuclear plant for Kaliningrad exclave". The Baltic Times. 2008-04-23. http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/20316/. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b "Kaliningrad plan for Baltic States market". World Nuclear News. 2008-04-17. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Kaliningrad_plan_for_Baltic_States_market_1704086.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b Sinitsyna, Tatyana (2008-02-19). "Nuclear fever in the Baltics". RIA Novosti. http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080219/99573246.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b Sinitsyna, Tatyana (2008-04-21). "Russia plans nuclear project for Kaliningrad". RIA Novosti. http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080421/105520282.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b c "In Between the Major Powers". german-foreign-policy.com. German News Information Services GmbH. 2010-05-31. http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/fulltext/56347. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b "Nuclear Power Plants: Russians building, Lithuanians planning". Lietuvos Zinios. The Lithuania Tribune. 2010-06-18. http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/2010/06/24/nuclear-power-plants-russians-building-lithuanians-planning/. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ "Эксперты: АЭС в Калининградской области решает много проблем [NPP in the Kaliningrad Oblast solves a lot of problems]" (in Russian). Rosbalt. 2008-07-21. http://www.rosbalt.biz/2008/04/17/475997.html. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ a b "Lithuania looks to neighbours for power". World Nuclear News. 2009-10-14. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=26307. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b "Baltic NPP: After 2015 the Baltic region will face energy crisis" (Press release). Rosenergoatom. 2009-07-027. http://www.rosenergoatom.ru/eng/press/news/article/?article-id=E68875B6-7221-4391-992E-2EDCC683189B. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
- ^ ""Росатом" начал строительство Балтийской АЭС [Rosatom started construction of the Baltic NPP to build]" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2010-02-25. http://www.rian.ru/economy/20100225/210843696.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ "BBaltic site works". World Nuclear News. 2010-08-27. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=28299. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ a b "Строительство АЭС сделает Калининградскую область регионом, через который Россия совершит геополитический прорыв: эксперт [Construction of the NPP makes the Kaliningrad Oblast region through which Russia achieves geopolitical breakthrough: expert]" (in Russian). REGNUM News Agency. 2008-04-17. http://www.regnum.ru/news/988434.html. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ "Строительство АЭС даст колоссальный толчок для развития Калининградской области: эксперт [Construction of the NPP gives a tremendous boost to the development of Kaliningrad Oblast: expert]" (in Russian). REGNUM News Agency. 2008-06-26. http://www.regnum.ru/news/1019840.html. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ "Baltic nuclear plant brought forward". World Nuclear News. 2008-08-27. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=21318. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ "Enel looks at foreign markets". World Nuclear News. 2010-04-27. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=27599. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ "Iberdrola looks for new-build opportunities". World Nuclear News. 2009-08-06. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=25765. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA: „Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BALTIISK 1“
- ^ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA: „Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BALTIISK 2“
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