Kashmiri literature
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Arabic literature |
Kashmiri literature (Kashmiri: कॉशुर साहित्य, کٲشُر ساہتیہ) has a history of at least 2,500 years, going back to its glory days of Sanskrit. Early names include Patanjali, the author of the Mahabhashya commentary on Pāṇini's grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the Hindu treatise known as the Yogasutra, and Dridhbala, who revised the Charaka Samhita of Ayurveda.
In medieval times the great Kashmir Valley School of Art, Culture and Philosophy Kashmir Shaivism arose. Its great masters include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta and Kshemaraja. In the theory of aesthetics one can list the Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta. Many generations later, in our modern times, a new lease of life given, to same "school of thought" was given by Swami Lakshman Joo of Ishbher/Gupta Ganga, Srinagar, India.
The use of the Kashmiri language began with the work Mahanayakaprakash (Light of the supreme lord) by Shitikantha (c.1250) [1], and was followed by the poet Lalleshvari or Lal Ded (14th century), who wrote mystical verses in the vakh or four-line couplet style[2]. Another mystic of her time equally revered in Kashmir and popularly known as Nunda Reshi wrote powerful poetry like his senior Lal Ded. Later, came Habba Khatun (16th century) with her lol style. Other major names are Rupa Bhavani (1621–1721), Arnimal (d. 1800), Mahmud Gami (1765–1855), Rasul Mir (d. 1870), Paramananda (1791–1864), Maqbool Shah Kralawari (1820–1976). Also the Sufi poets like Shamas Fakir, Wahab Khar, Soch Kral, Samad Mir, and Ahad Zargar. Among modern poets are Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur (1885–1952), Abdul Ahad Azad (1903–1948), and Zinda Kaul (1884–1965).
During 1950s, a number of well educated youth turned to Kashmiri writing, both poetry and prose, and enriched modern Kashmiri writing by leaps and bounds. Among these writers are Dinanath Nadim (1916–1988), Rahman Rahi, Ghulam Nabi Firaq, Ali Muhammed Shahbaz, Mushtaq Kashmiri, Amin Kamil (1923-) [2], Ali Mohd Lone, Akhtar Mohiuddin, Som Nath Zutshi, Muzaffar Aazim [3], and Sarvanand Kaul 'Premi'. Some later day writers are Hari Krishan Kaul, Majrooh Rashid, Rattanlal Shant, Hirdhey Kaul Bharti, Rafiq Raaz, Tariq Shehraz, Shafi Shauq, Nazir Jahangir, M H Zaffar, Shenaz Rashid,Shabir Ahmad Shabir, Nisar Azam,Javaid Anwar, Shabir Magami,'[4], Moti Lal Kemmu (playwright).
Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in Sheeraza published by the Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, Anhar published by the Kashmirri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazine Neab International Kashmiri Magazine -- http://www.neabinternational.org published from Boston,Vaakh an independent publication and Koshur Samachar.
Kashmiri Drama:-SUYA is a kashmiri drama written by Ali Mohmmad Lone.
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- Muhammad Iqbal, 1877–1938
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- Shaikh Abdullah, 1905–1982
- Allama Mustafa Hussain Ansari, 1945–2006
- Justice Anand Narayan Malla
SUYA is a very good creation of Ali Mohmmad Lone.It is a historical drama.Main character of the drama is SUYA.Story of the drama revoloves round the character of Suya the engineer.Story of the dramais as under.A lady sweeper(CHANDAIL) was sweeping.She found a child in a dustbin.The child attracted her motherlly love and she took the child to her home.The child grew upand was named Suya.Suya was admitted to a traditional school where he was taught as per the set system.
[edit] Writers in Hindi
- Amar Nath Kak
- Chandrakanta (author)
- Omkar N. Koul
- Rattan Lal Shant
- Hari Krishen Kaul
- Shashi Shekhar Toshkhani
- Bhushan Lal Koul
- Shiban Krishen Raina
[edit] Writers in English
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Krishna Hutheesing
- Gopi Krishna
- Gopinath Raina
- Ram Nath Kak
- Nayantara Sahgal
- M.J. Akbar
- Salman Rushdie
- Hari Kunzru
- Lalita Pandit
- Kailas Nath Kaul
- Agha Shahid Ali
[edit] =References
- ^ Sisir Kumar Das (2006). A history of Indian literature, AD.500-1399: from courtly to the popular.. Sahitya Akademi. [1] p. 193 quote: Scholars consider _Mahanayakaprakash_ (Light of the supreme lord) by Shitikantha (c.1250) as the earliest work in Kashmiri language.
- ^ Lal Ded ; Ranjit Hoskote (tr.);. I, Lalla : Poems of Lal Ded. Penguin 2011.
[edit] See also
- List of Kashmiri poets
- List of topics on the land and the people of Jammu and Kashmir
- Kashmir Shaivism - philosophy gives Kashmir its soul, God is universal, in all equally.
- Swami Lakshman Joo Raina, Ishbher. - last original philosopher of the old school, loved all, teacher of all.
- Kashmiriyat - a socio-cultural ethos of religious harmony and Kashmiri consciousness.
- Shehjar e-journal - Online magazine on Kashmir history, literature & politics.
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