Kathua
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| Kathua | |
| — city — | |
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| Coordinates | 32°22′N 75°31′E / 32.37°N 75.52°ECoordinates: 32°22′N 75°31′E / 32.37°N 75.52°E |
| Country | India |
| State | Jammu and Kashmir |
| District(s) | Kathua |
| Population • Density |
51,206 (2001[update]) • 1,256 /km2 (3,253 /sq mi) |
| Literacy | 72.00%% |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) • 307 metres (1,007 ft) |
Kathua (Dogri/Pahari/Hindi: कठुआ) is a city and a Municipal Council in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.It is the largest city of the Kathua district in Jammu and Kashmir. It is the third-largest city in the Duggardesh (Jammu) region and the sixth-largest in the state. The word "Kathua" is derived from the word "Thuan" in Dogri which means "Scorpios". The city was the land of Scorpios before the settling of the Dogras who arrived and made the city. Some believe that its name is derived from the name of Rishi Kashyap who disguised himself as a tortoise (kashua) for strong meditation.
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[edit] Geography
Kathua is located at 32°22′N 75°31′E / 32.37°N 75.52°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 307 metres (1,007 ft). Many parts of the district and the city itself lie on plains while the tehsils of Basoli and Billawar are very hilly. The Kandi region - the barren lowlands at shiwalik foothills constitute it. A gateway to the northernmost state of Jammu and Kashmir, Kathua lies just 88 kilometres south of the state's winter capital of Jammu. The city is situated along the banks of a khad (river) dividing it into two parts: Parliwand, meaning the other side; and Urliwand, meaning this side. Both parts are connected by three bridges.
[edit] Tehsils of Kathua
Kathua District comprises 5 tehsils:
[edit] Demographics
As of the 2001 Indian census,[2] Kathua District had a population of 550,084. Men constitute 54% of the population and women 46%. Kathua has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the Indian national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 67%. In Kathua, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The Kathua district is overwhelmingly Hindu, the religion practiced by 91% of its population, another 7% is Muslim, and 2% Sikh.While Kathua city had a population of about 51,206 in 2001.Most of the people are of Dogra race and Dogri is the principal language.
[edit] Education
Kathua has its own Government Degree College (for men and women) and one Women's college known as Government Degree College, Kathua. The district has a number of government and private schools. Since 2000, Kathua has seen a number of teaching colleges starting up to offer Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degrees to residents of neighboring states, particularly Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. These colleges have mushroomed in parts of Jammu as well.At present there are about 73 small and big ETT and B.Ed colleges.There is also a campus of Jammu University at Kathua.
[edit] Transportation
Kathua is just 80 km away from Jammu Tawi and 120 km from Katra. Basoli is just 72 km from it. Buses for longer distances and matadors (small buses) for shorter distances are the main sources of transportation in Kathua. Mostly two wheeler are used for commuting. Matadors(small buses) run on major roads of the city. They also connect city with nearby villages. Within the city, people also use bikes and cars. The bus journey from Kathua to Jammu is approximately 2.5 hours. Video Coach AC buses from Kathua to Jammu is available from morning 05:00 am to evening 10 :00 pm. There are also railway links to Jammu and Pathankot from Kathua. Kathua Railway station at Gobindsar is just 4 km from city centre. Kathua has two bus stops. The smaller at Nagri Road for buses to Nagri-Parole town which is 17 km from Kathua. The larger one is for other destinations. The old busstand at Parliwand is no longer in use and is generally used for parking matadors. Buses for long route do not come inside Kathua. They are available from Lakhanpora which is 6 km from Kathua.
[edit] Industrial estate
On the outskirts of Kathua, there is a well-developed industrial estate, SICOP (State industrial cooperation), including the Nirmal Industries, Chenab Textile Mill (CTM). This venture of Birla Group, established in the 1970s, contributed greatly to the development of today's Kathua. In addition to CTM, there are several other factories, manufacturing cement, iron, and other products. There is a unit Celine Health Care Pvt. Ltd. that is in the manufacturing of cosmetic products.
[edit] Agriculture And Land Holdings
The district has a reporting area of 2.65 lacs Hectt as per revenue records out of which 0.45 lacs Hectt is agricultural use, 0.36 lacs Hectt constitutes barren and uncultivable land excluding follow land, 0.12 lacs Hectt accounts for culturable waste, 0.13 lacs Hectt is under misc. trees, 0.10 lacs Hectt forms permanent pastures, 0.01 lacs Hectt is fallow land other than current fallows, 0.14 lacs is the area under current fallows and 0.61 Hectt is net area sown. The total cropped area of the district during 1999-2000 was 1.24 lacs Hectt of which 0.63 lacs hectt represents the area sown more than once. According to the agricultural census of 1991-92, the district had 69508 number of land holding of different sizes. Out of these 60.15% were of below one Hectt and only 39.85% were of the sizes of one hectts and above which indicates that large number of land holding are very small. Major crops of the district are Paddy, Maize and Wheat. Wheat and Paddy constitutes the staple food in plain tehsils Viz. Kathua and Hiranagar whereas Maize for Hilly Tehsils Basohli and Billawar. Wheat being main crop in whole of the district had covered 50 thousands hectars of area followed by paddy grown over an area of 36 thousand hectar and rest 38 thousand hectars were covered under maize, millets, oil seeds, pulses and vegetable crop during 1999-2000.
[edit] Climate
Talking of Kathua city in particular the climate is sub tropical. According to common Hindu belief there are six seasons experienced in the region. Summer temperatures may shoot up to 48 degrees while in winters mercury generally dips to 4 degrees or even sometimes to zero. Heavy downpour is also experienced. The annual rainfall is 700 cm mainly in monsoons and winters due to Western Disturbances. Kathua city does not experience snow while there may be snow in upper reaches of district like Bani Tehsil. Heavy hailstorms with piles of hail can be experienced in February and March but are very few. 669 millimetres (26.3 in) in the wettest months.
| Climate data for Kathua | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26 (79) |
31 (88) |
36 (97) |
41 (106) |
45 (113) |
46 (115) |
44 (111) |
41 (106) |
37 (99) |
36 (97) |
31 (88) |
26 (79) |
46 (115) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
40.6 (105.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2 (28) |
−3 (27) |
3 (37) |
6 (43) |
7 (45) |
13 (55) |
13 (55) |
8 (46) |
12 (54) |
4 (39) |
2 (36) |
−3 (27) |
−3 (27) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 50.0 (1.969) |
46.4 (1.827) |
53.2 (2.094) |
26.3 (1.035) |
16.0 (0.63) |
51.8 (2.039) |
283.4 (11.157) |
344.5 (13.563) |
123.9 (4.878) |
38.1 (1.5) |
11.9 (0.469) |
42.2 (1.661) |
1,087.7 (42.823) |
| Source no. 1: BBC Weather | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: IMD | |||||||||||||
[edit] Culture
Kathua District broadly comprises three distinct zones viz. Border, Kandi and Hilly. Billawar, Bani, Basohli and Lohai–Malhar Blocks of the district comes under HILLY Area. The culture of this area is PAHARI which resembles the culture of Himachal Paradesh. The other part of the district has Dogra culture.
Dogri is the main language spoken by the people of the district. Though the dogri spoken in some parts of the district has the influence of Punjabi tone also but the rural areas specially the Hilly areas are free from Punjabi. Their main language is DOGRI/PAHARI. The language is the rural and hilly areas has maintained its native purity, accent and sweetness. However, a very small section of the population residing in Lohai-Malhar and Bani Blocks also speaks Kashmiri. GOJRI is also spoken by the Gujjar Community settled here and there. However, Dogri is main language spoken in the district.
The district is culturally an integrated part of Jammu region and all important religious fairs like Lohri, Maha Shivratri, Id-ul-Fitr, Holi, Ramnavmi, Baisakhi, Basantpanchami, Martyr's day of Guru Arjun Dev, Raksha Bandhan, Janam Ashtami, Mahanavami, Dussehra, Diwali, id-ul-zuha, Guru Ravi Dass's b’day, Mahatama gandhi's b’day Guru Govind Singh's b’day, Chacha Nehru's birthday. Above all, the Independence Day and Republic Day are celebrated with great enthusiasm. Holy Navratras also provide special occasion for worship and pilgrimage to holy places culminating into small to big fairs. Ram Lilas are organized in every town as well as in every village of the district. The most famous Ram Lila is performed in BASOHLI.Among teens Christmas,New year,Valentine's Day are also observed. One of the main temple of Mata Baal-kanya is situated at village CHANGRAN just 2 km from the city centre. Other temples and shrines include Mata Ashapurni Temple in Down Town bazaar, Mata Jasrota,Peer Chattar Shaw on Nagri road,Peer Lakhdata ji in Jawahar nagar and many others.
[edit] Army presence
Because of its close proximity to the Pakistan border, Kathua has a significant Indian Army presence in the surrounding areas. The Army was sheltered at Kathua during militancy in the state when the ultras used to cross the border and attacked innocent people. There have been many attacks in the region. During the summers of 2001, four terrorists attacked a matadoor at Hiranagar killing 5 people. In 2003, three terrorists attacked a C.R.P.F camp in front of District Hospital killing 2 people. With the change in time conditions have improved and army is being recalled from the city.
[edit] Sources of public entertainment
In spite of being a developing city Kathua has lagged behind in many aspects. Corruption and wrong policies of both government and people have worsened the conditions. Roads are not in a good condition, there are no traffic lights, no sign boards etc. There is a Movie Theatre(s): Moon light multiplex, dolby digital, fully A.C.
,Sports Stadium: ONE near police lines. There are also some parks viz- Dream Land which is most popular situated on banks of Kashmir Canal,Green city park near Ambedkar Bridge and Bhagat Singh Park.The market is also very large and generally all the things are available. There are a number of showrooms for branded articles. Kathua has its own Main Bazaar called "Down Town Bazaar".
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kathua
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- Bakshi Nagar
