Kaysone Phomvihane
Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ) (December 13, 1920 – November 21, 1992) was the leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955, though Souphanouvong served in a figurehead role. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic from 1975 to 1991 and then as President from 1991 until his death in 1992.
[edit] Biography
Phomvihane was born Nguyen Cai Song[1] to a Vietnamese father named Nguyen Tri Loan, and a Laotian mother named Nang Dok. He had two sisters: Nang Souvanthong, living in Thailand, and Nang Kongmany in the USA.[2] He was born in Na Seng village, Khanthabouli district (now Kaysone Phomvihane District, Savannakhet Province), Laos. He had one brother and one sister.
Phomvihane attended law school at Hanoi University in Hanoi, Vietnam. He dropped out of law school to fight the French colonialists who were in Vietnam. Later, he joined the Pathet Lao, which was also fighting the French colonialists.
He became an active revolutionary while studying in the Indochinese capital of Hanoi during the 1940s. In 1955 he was instrumental in setting up the LPRP at Sam Neua in northern Laos, and subsequently served as the Pathet Lao leader, although Souphanouvong served as the figurehead. In the years which followed he led communist forces against the Kingdom of Laos and the Americans. After their victory he served as Prime Minister from the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975 until 1991. He married Thongvinh Phomvihane.
Phomvihane displayed expert skills in handling relations with Vietnam. The demarcation process started in 1977 and just finished in 2007. According to western journalist the Lao/Viet borderline is "very close" to the 1945 border between Laos and Tonkin and Annam, respectively.
According to Vatthana Pholsena, assistant professor of Southeast Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore and author of the book "Post-war Laos", Kaysone Phomvihane was the top policy maker in LPDR, and a strongman. He created Sekong province to honor the southern minority for their support on the war effort.
He died in Vientiane. After his death, the Laotian government built an eight million dollar gold-plated museum in his honor, in Vientiane, partially funded by Vietnam.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Asia & Pacific Review Published by World of Information, 1994, ISBN 0749410698, pg 117
- ^ Arthur J. Dommen, The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, Indiana University Press, 2001, ISBN 0253338549, pg 181
- ^ "Former President Kaysone Phomvihane Memorial Museum". Visiting Arts, Laos Cultural Profile. http://www.culturalprofiles.net/laos/Units/163.html. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Souvanna Phouma |
Prime Minister of Laos 1975–1991 |
Succeeded by Khamtai Siphandon |
| Preceded by Phoumi Vongvichit acting |
President of Laos 1991–1992 |
Succeeded by Nouhak Phoumsavanh |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by None |
General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party 1955–1991 |
Succeeded by Himself (as Chairman) |
| Preceded by Himself (as General Secretary) |
Chairman of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party 1991–1992 |
Succeeded by Khamtai Siphandon |
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