Kent, Ohio

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Kent
—  City  —
City of Kent, Ohio
Downtown Kent, September 2009.

Seal
Nickname(s): The Tree City
Location within Portage County
Kent is located in Ohio
Kent
Location within the state of Ohio.
Coordinates: 41°9′2″N 81°21′40″W / 41.15056°N 81.36111°W / 41.15056; -81.36111Coordinates: 41°9′2″N 81°21′40″W / 41.15056°N 81.36111°W / 41.15056; -81.36111
Country  United States
State  Ohio
County Portage
Founded 1805
Incorporated 1867
Founder John Haymaker
Named for Marvin Kent
Government
 - Type Council-Manager
 - City manager Dave Ruller
 - Mayor John Fender
Area
 - Total 8.7 sq mi (22.6 km2)
 - Land 8.7 sq mi (22.5 km2)
 - Water 0.0 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation 1,066 ft (325 m)
Population (2008)
 - Total 27,983
 - Density 3,211.3/sq mi (1,239.9/km2)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 44240, 44242, 44243
Area code(s) 330, 234
Twin Cities
 - Dudince  Slovakia
FIPS code 39-39872[1]
GNIS feature ID 1064928[2]
Website http://www.kentohio.org/

Kent is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the Cuyahoga River in the northeastern part of Ohio and the western edge of Portage County. Part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, Kent was originally settled in 1805, and first developed as two separate villages: Franklin (later Franklin Mills) and Carthage, which eventually grew into Franklin Mills. The village would develop first due to the potential for gristmills along the Cuyahoga River and later as a stop on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal in the 1830s and 1840s. Leading up to the American Civil War, Franklin Mills was noted for its activity in the Underground Railroad. With the decline of the canal and the emergence of the railroad the village became the home of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad shops, which ultimately led to the village being renamed Kent in 1864 after railroad owner Marvin Kent. Today Kent is a college town known mostly for being home to the main campus of Kent State University, founded in 1910.

The population was 27,906 at the 2000 census and 27,983 in the 2008 estimate,[3] making it the county's largest city. Nearby metropolitan areas include Akron, Cleveland, Canton, and Youngstown-Warren. Kent is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area for census purposes.

Residents of Kent are referred to as "Kentites" or as "townies"[4] by Kent State University students and the city's nickname is "The Tree City" due to it being the home of the Davey Tree Expert Company.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Early history and settlement

The region was formerly inhabited by various tribes of American Indians, and around 1780 the Indian fighter Captain Samuel Brady achieved notoriety for his activities in the area, including his famous leap over the Cuyahoga River to avoid capture.[5] After leaping the river, he hid in a nearby lake which was later named for him, Brady Lake.

As part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, the area was divided into civil townships in 1798 and almost all of what is now Kent was originally part of Town 3 Range 9, which would eventually be known as Franklin Township. Aaron Olmstead, a wealthy Connecticut merchant, had purchased the 16,000-acre (65 km2) township for $2,000 in what was then Trumbull County and named it for his son Aaron Franklin.[6] Olmstead (also spelled "Olmsted") also bought large tracts of land in other parts of the Western Reserve and his name is part of the cities of North Olmsted and Olmsted Falls as well as Olmsted Township in Cuyahoga County. European settlers had already begun settling in the area by the late 1700s and Franklin Township was first settled in November 1805 by John Haymaker, who moved west from Pittsburgh and settled on the banks of the Cuyahoga River and built a gristmill in 1807. That same year, Portage County was formed and Franklin Township was made part of the new county. Olmstead had hoped to have Franklin Township become the county seat of the new county and had land set aside in what is now northern Kent for the county government buildings. He died before he could donate the land and his heirs used it for other purposes. Ravenna ended up becoming the county seat instead.[7]

Initial growth in the area was slow, but eventually two small villages would develop due to the potential power generated by the Cuyahoga River that could be used in gristmills and manufacturing. Originally, there were two waterfalls in what is today downtown Kent, one of seventeen feet and another of twenty-five feet.[8] The first village, known as Franklin and later Franklin Mills or locally as the "Lower Village," developed mostly around the original Haymaker property. In 1811 Jacob Reed purchased the Haymaker mill and the settlement was known briefly as Reedsburg until Reed sold the mill in 1817 and the name of Franklin Mills was restored.[7] In 1818 Joshua Woodard arrived in the area and began constructing buildings just north of the village forming the "Upper Village" that would come to be known as Carthage.[9] The two villages would become rivals for a time due to their close proximity to one another and the competing taverns which operated in them: the Woodard Tavern in Carthage and the Lincoln Tavern in Franklin Mills. By the time the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal opened in 1840 and the construction of what is today downtown Kent was completed, the rivalry had effectively ended as did the distinction between the two villages.[10] Today, the site of Carthage is a residential and commercial area on Kent's near west side and is found in the name of the side street Carthage Avenue in the same area.

[edit] Canal era

Former P & O Canal lock and dam in downtown Kent in 2008
Former P & O aqueduct in southern Kent

In the early 1830s, plans were drawn up for the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which would connect Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Cleveland, Ohio via Akron, Ohio. Franklin Mills was selected as part of the route and due to the rocky gorge of the Cuyahoga River, construction of a lock and dam was necessitated. When construction began on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal in the 1830s, land speculation was rampant in many areas of northeast Ohio along the canal, including Franklin Mills. As a result of this, an industrial and business region was established along the river in what is now downtown Kent and several factories and mills were either planned or constructed along the Cuyahoga River, many of which either were never built or ultimately failed. Much of the canal bed is still visible in downtown Kent, including the historic lock and arch dam (first built in 1836), which is the only known arch dam attached to a canal lock in the United States [11] and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, an aqueduct of the canal is still visible in southern Kent where it crossed Plum Creek. The era of the canal would be relatively short-lived, lasting into the 1860s. By 1870 the canal was completely shut down.

In the era leading up to the American Civil War, Franklin Mills was an active stop on the Underground Railroad, giving fugitive slaves shelter on their escape to Canada. Notable stops in Franklin Mills included the Cuyahoga House at the corner of Cuyahoga Street and North Mantua Street (torn down in 1907) and the Woodard house along Fairchild Avenue, which still stands today.[12] During this period, in 1835, noted American abolitionist John Brown moved to the village, operating a tannery along the Cuyahoga River with Zenas Kent, leaving in 1839. Today, a park is on the site of the tannery, which was torn down in 1976 as part of an environmental reclamation project of the areas around the Cuyahoga River.[13] On June 26, 2004, an historical marker was dedicated in downtown Kent commemorating the city's role in the Underground Railroad.

[edit] Arrival of railroad: Franklin Mills becomes Kent

The former depot for the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, later the Erie Railroad, built in 1875.
The home of Marvin Kent, built 1880 – 1884. It has been home to the Rockton Masonic Lodge since 1923.

In 1863 a local businessman by the name of Marvin Kent was influential in bringing the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad through the village. The railroad reinvented the village as an important stop on the east-west line as it was also home to the railroad's yards and shops. To honor Marvin Kent the village was renamed Kent in 1864, although this change was not official until the village was incorporated on May 6, 1867.[14] Originally, before naming the city after Marvin Kent, city leaders including Marvin Kent were also considering the name Rockton, a name which Marvin Kent actually preferred,[15] (hence the name of the Masonic Lodge as Rockton Lodge) after a local landmark in the north of Kent known as Standing Rock.[16]

John Davey established the Davey Tree Expert Company in 1880 after planting hundreds of trees around the city. Kent became known as the "Tree City." Another of the city's oldest businesses, the Williams Brothers Mill, was also founded in the late 1800s; now operating under the name Star of the West, it is a flour mill specializing in the preparation of custom-ground wheat flours.

[edit] Twentieth century

In 1892, the Kent Free Library opened. The library was the result of the first use of an 1892 Ohio law which allowed municipalities with populations under 5,000 to tax residents for the upkeep of a library.[17] In 1903, the library opened at its current location on West Main Street in a building that was a gift of Andrew Carnegie. Although additions have been made throughout the years, the original library building still stands today and currently houses the library's genealogy and local history areas. Most recently, all previous additions were demolished and a new, three-story addition was constructed which tripled the previous amount of available space. This new addition opened on September 26, 2006, exactly 103 years after the original library opened. During construction, the library was housed in temporary quarters at Kent's University Plaza on South Water Street from 2004 – 2006.

View of the original portion of the Kent Free Library, mainly funded by a gift from Andrew Carnegie, which opened in 1903.

In 1910, Kent was selected out of twenty [18] northeastern Ohio cities as the site of a new teacher training college, which became known as the "Kent State Normal School". The site for the school was on fifty-three acres of land donated by William S. Kent, son of Marvin Kent, on what was then the eastern edge of town. To honor his donation, the school was named for William S. Kent and not for the city of Kent, making it the only public university in Ohio to be named for an individual.[19] In 1929 the school was renamed Kent State College after the establishment of a college of liberal arts and degrees in the arts and sciences and in 1935 was renamed Kent State University after it was authorized to grant advanced graduate degrees. The bill giving Kent State university status was signed into law by Ohio governor and Kent native Martin L. Davey.[20]

In 1927 William and Frank Fageol, who had come to Kent in 1924, founded the Twin Coach Company, using their new design concept for buses. The Twin Coach factory produced buses, delivery trucks, and other similar vehicles. As bus demand declined in the mid-twentieth century the factory slowly declined as well with bus production ceasing by 1953. The company was sold in 1958 and subsequently moved to Cheektowaga, New York and the factory was completely shut down by the 1960s.[21]

The 1930s brought the Great Depression and the slowing of the now Erie Railroad through Kent. By this time, however, Kent State University was firmly established and today nearly the entire Kent economy is in some way associated with the university.

The tree logo is seen on all Kent street signs

On February 15, 1949, Kent was officially proclaimed "The Tree City" of Ohio by a resolution[22] and has been designated as a Tree City USA for over 20 years. Today it is known as "The Tree City," which can be seen on some signs at the city limits. The city's official emblem features a tree logo and can be found on Kent's street signs and other city signs and offices.

In 1961, Kent State grounds superintendent Larry Wooddell and Biff Staples of Davey Tree released ten cages of black squirrels obtained from Victoria Park in London, Ontario, Canada, to the Kent State campus. By 1964 their estimated population was around 150 and today they have spread in and around Kent and have become unofficial mascots of both the city and university. Since 1981, the annual Black Squirrel Festival is held every fall on the KSU campus.[23]

In the spring of 1970, protests began on the campus of Kent State University over the United States' invasion of Cambodia in the Vietnam War. These protests and demonstrations, which included rioting in downtown Kent on May 2, culminated in the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings, where four students were killed and nine were wounded by the Ohio National Guard. This incident was the basis for the Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young song Ohio.

In 1975, the five-lane Haymaker Parkway opened, which contains bridges over all the city's railroad tracks and relieved traffic congestion in the downtown area.

[edit] Recent history

The arch dam on the Cuyahoga River downtown just after completion Heritage Park project in 2005. In the background, the Main Street bridge and the Star of the West Milling Co. granary are visible.

In 1995, the city of Kent's municipal (tap) water won first place at the fifth annual Toast to the Tap International Water Tasting and Competition[24] held in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. The city and its award-winning water were featured on a segment of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno shortly thereafter.[25]

In 2003, the old arch dam was bypassed to meet water quality standards set by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. To preserve the historic dam, a small park was built behind the dam and the river was rerouted through the old canal lock. During warm-weather months, water is pumped over the dam. The park, known as Heritage Park, was formally dedicated in May 2005.[11]

Today, Kent is a mix of old and new with a relatively diverse population, due in part to the university, as well as an historic downtown area which is slowly growing and recovering from a period of nondevelopment. Kent also has a large park system, which includes fifteen parks and preserves throughout the city, the largest being the Fred Fuller Park just south of downtown. The city is home to The Kent Bog-Tom S. Cooperrider State Nature Preserve, located in the southern edge of Kent. It is one of the most intact bogs in Ohio, with the southernmost and largest stand of tamarack trees in the continental United States.[26]

[edit] Geography

Map showing the six wards of Kent with selected streets labeled.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.7 square miles (22.6 km²), of which, 8.7 square miles (22.5 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.23%) is water.[27]

[edit] Nearby communities

Kent lies in west-central Portage County and is bordered by the following townships and municipalities:

Nearby (but not bordering Kent itself) townships and municipalities include:

It is worth noting that Brady Lake, Sugar Bush Knolls, and Franklin Township are all considered part of the greater Kent community, due mostly to their association in the Kent City School District.

[edit] ZIP and Area codes

All residential areas of the city (along with large portions of Brimfield and Franklin Townships) are served by the Kent, OH 44240 ZIP code. On the campus of Kent State University, the academic buildings use the Kent, OH 44242 ZIP code and the dormitories use the Kent, OH 44243 ZIP code.

For telephone use, Kent is part of the 330 and 234 area codes, which includes the Akron-Canton and Youngstown areas of northeast Ohio.

[edit] Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1870 2,301
—
1880 3,309 43.8%
1890 3,501 5.8%
1900 4,541 29.7%
1910 4,488 −1.2%
1920 7,070 57.5%
1930 8,377 18.5%
1940 8,581 2.4%
1950 12,418 44.7%
1960 17,836 43.6%
1970 28,183 58.0%
1980 26,164 −7.2%
1990 28,835 10.2%
2000 27,906 −3.2%
Est. 2008 27,983 0.3%
[28][29]

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 27,906 people, 9,772 households, and 4,798 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,212.3 people per square mile (1,239.9/km²). There were 10,435 housing units at an average density of 1,201.2/sq mi (463.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.07% White, 9.11% African American, 2.15% Asian, 0.19% Native American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population is Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,772 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.9% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 16.4% under the age of 18, 40.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 13.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,582, and the median income for a family was $44,440. Males had a median income of $32,063 versus $25,344 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,015. About 15.4% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Sports

See also: Kent State Golden Flashes
A KSU men's basketball game at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center.

As the home of Kent State University, Kent is also the home of the University's athletic teams, the Golden Flashes, who compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division at the NCAA Division I level (FBS for football). Several of Kent State's teams have enjoyed league and national success, with the most notable being the men's basketball team's run to the Elite Eight in the 2002 NCAA Basketball Tournament.

In addition to hosting the KSU football team, Kent State's 25,000-seat Dix Stadium has hosted high school football games both in the regular-season[30] and for the state playoffs.[31] and the adjacent Murphy-Mellis Field has served as host for OHSAA field hockey tournament games.[32] From 1975 – 1981 the Cleveland Browns held their training camp in Kent at Kent State University.[33]

The Kent State University Ice Arena serves as host to several local youth ice hockey programs, high school, and professional teams and is used as a site for OHSAA high school tournament games[34] and ice skating competitions[35] in addition to being host to KSU's club team, which competes in the American Collegiate Hockey Association. The ice arena is also the home of the Kent Twisters,[36] a member of the Pennsylvania-Ohio Women's Hockey Association (POWHA)[37], an adult amateur women's ice hockey league.

Kent also plays host to the Portage County Open tennis tournament, held annually at the tennis courts of Theodore Roosevelt High School.[38]

[edit] Parks and recreation

View from Heritage Park facing downtown

The city operates nearly 20 parks and preserves, the largest of which is the 56-acre (23 ha) Fred Fuller park along the Cuyahoga River, which includes the Kramer Fields baseball and softball complex. Several of the parks along the Cuyahoga River are on or near areas of historical significance. Franklin Mills Riveredge Park, which follows the Cuyahoga River through downtown Kent, passes through a large portion of the Kent Industrial District[39] along with Heritage Park and includes sites related to the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal.[11] Adjacent on the south is the John Brown Tannery Park, on the site of the former tannery John Brown operated[40] with Zenas Kent in the 1830s, while Brady's Leap park, adjacent to the north, is at the location of the famed leap over the Cuyahoga River by Captain Samuel Brady circa 1780.[41] The parks and recreation department, in addition to operating and maintaining the city's parks and preserves, also operates a recreation center on the city's south side[42] and offers several sports, arts, and education programs at various locations in Kent.[43] The department also sponsors events throughout the year including Art in the Park, an ice-skating party, hayrides, and Santa's Arrival.[44] The Portage Hike and Bike Trail is currently under construction or in planning, with several phases already completed in Kent. The trail, when fully complete, will connect with the hike and bike trails in neighboring Summit County and will connect Kent with nearby communities in Portage County. It currently includes large sections of paved trail in Kent and on the campus of Kent State University.[45] The Kent Heritage Festival is held every July in the downtown area coinciding with the U.S. Independence Day. The festival includes crafts, booths, entertainment, train rides, 5k and 10k races, and fireworks, drawing approximately 25,000 people each year[46] In October, Kent hosts the homecoming festivities for Kent State University, which includes a parade down East Main Street and many other events and activities both on campus and around the city.[47]

[edit] Education

[edit] Public

Stanton Middle School.
Main article: Kent City School District

Elementary and secondary schooling is mainly provided by the Kent City School District with the small portion of the city south of SR 261 being served by the neighboring Field Local School District. Kent has five neighborhood elementary schools which serve students in grades K-5: Holden, Longcoy, Franklin, Davey, and Walls; Stanton Middle School for grades 6 – 8; and Theodore Roosevelt High School for grades 9 – 12. The district also operates a pre-school program, which is housed at Davey Elementary School. Theodore Roosevelt High School has been given the United States Department of Education Excellence in Education award, while the Kent City School District has been consistently rated as "Excellent" or "Effective" by the Ohio Department of Education. In 2007 Walls Elementary School was named a "School of Promise" by the Ohio Department of Education, while Longcoy Elementary earned the U.S. Department of Education's prestigious Blue Ribbon School award.[48]

[edit] Private

Kent State University

Kent has one private school, St. Patrick School, which serves around 300 student in grades K-8. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown. In addition, there are several nearby private and parochial schools.

[edit] Higher education

See also: Kent State University

The main campus of Kent State University is located in Kent, occupying nearly 1000 acres. The university offers nearly 300 programs of study and serves over 38,000 students in eight campuses across the region. Over 25,000 students attend the campus in Kent.

[edit] Infrastructure

[edit] Transportation

[edit] Airports

For general passenger service, Kent is located near two major airports, the Akron-Canton Airport and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. In addition, two general aviation airports are located close to the city: the Kent State University Airport, located just west of the city limits in neighboring Stow, and the Portage County Airport in Shalersville Township.

[edit] Highways

1968 Kent Transportation Plan showing early drafts of Haymaker Parkway and the SR 261 bypass.

In addition, Kent is located near the following interstate highways:

[edit] Mass transit

For public transportation Kent is served by the Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority (PARTA), which is headquartered just outside the city limits in Franklin Township. It runs several local and county-wide routes and includes Kent State University's Campus Bus Service, which has three campus-oriented routes and express routes to Akron and Cleveland. PARTA also has transfer points with Akron and Summit County's METRO RTA, providing access to their routes.

[edit] Notable residents and natives

[edit] Athletics

[edit] Business

[edit] Invention

[edit] Literary

[edit] Performing arts

[edit] Politics

[edit] Science

[edit] Kent State University alumni

For complete list of Kent State alumni, see Kent State University#Notable alumni.

Many notable people have lived in Kent while attending Kent State University, among them Drew Carey, Arsenio Hall, Michael Keaton, Joe Walsh and members of Devo, and professional football players Antonio Gates and Joshua Cribbs.

[edit] Sister cities

Kent has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:

[edit] See also

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kent, Ohio

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. ^ "Kent city, Ohio Population Finder". Factfinder.Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&_name=Kent&_state=04000US39&_county=Kent&_cityTown=Kent&_zip=&_sse=on&_lang=en&pctxt=fph. Retrieved 25 May 2009. 
  4. ^ a b Dellinger, Jade and Giffels, David (2003). "The Beginning Was the End". We Are Devo. http://devobook.com/chapter7.html. Retrieved 6 January 2009. 
  5. ^ Bolton, Brad (1999). "About Captain Samuel Brady". Kent Historical Society website. Kent Historical Society. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/9580/brady.html. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  6. ^ Plough, Cyrus T., ed (1978). 1874-1978 Bicentennial Atlas of Portage County, Ohio. Ravenna, Ohio, USA: Portage County Historical Society. p. A-28.  Comes from page 24 of the Combination Atlas Map of Portage County by L.H. Everts, published in 1874, which is included as part of the 1978 Atlas
  7. ^ a b Brown, R.C; Norris, J.E. (1885, 1972 revision). History of Portage County Ohio. Chicago, Illinois: Warner, Beers, and Company. pp. 433.  The land originally set aside for the county seat is just north of the current site of Standing Rock Cemetery
  8. ^ Howe, Henry (1888). Historical Collections of Ohio. p. 440. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~henryhowesbook/portage.html. 
  9. ^ Brown, R.C and Norris, J.E., pp. 435 "...the twin settlements were known respectively as "Upper Village" and "Lower Village." The name Carthage was afterward applied to the Upper Village."
  10. ^ Brown, R.C and Norris, J.E., pp. 439 "No doubt it was the fact of there being two distinct dams, that two villages grew up so close together, but when the Pennsylvania & Ohio Canal Company destroyed the water-power, and especially when the brick buildings, owned respectively by Zenas Kent and Joy H. and Nelso Pendleton, were erected, all competition ceased, and everything has moved harmoniously since then."
  11. ^ a b c "Cuyahoga River Restoration Project". City of Kent, Ohio website. City of Kent, Ohio. http://www.kentohio.org/reports/dam.asp. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  12. ^ "A Sampling of UGRR Sites in Portage County". Kent Historical Society website. Kent Historical Society. 2004. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/9580/portage.html. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  13. ^ "KEC Connects with the Cuyahoga River" (PDF). Kent Environmental Council newsletter. Kent Environmental Council. July 2006. http://www.kentenvironment.org/KECSpecialHFestEd2006FINAL.pdf. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  14. ^ "A Short History of Kent". Kent Historical Society website. Kent Historical Society. 2003. http://www.geocities.com/heartland/park/9580/kent.html. Retrieved 18 September 2006. 
  15. ^ "Kent Homestead - home of Marvin Kent - Kent, OH". Waymarking.com. Waymarking. 2008. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM2HNH. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  16. ^ Grismer, Karl H. (1932). History of Kent (2001 Revision ed.). Kent, Ohio: Record Publishing (1932), Kent Historical Society (2001). p. 151. 
  17. ^ Getrost, Christina (1993). A History of the Kent Free Library, Kent, Ohio 1958-1992. Kent, Ohio, USA: Kent State University. pp. 7–8. 
  18. ^ Hildebrand, William H.; Keller, Dean H.; Herington, Anita D. (1993). A Book of Memories: Kent State University 1910-1992. Kent, Ohio, USA: Kent State University Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-87338-488-1.  The twenty cities were: Ashtabula, Canton, Chagrin Falls, Columbiana, East Liverpool, Geneva, Hubbard, Hudson, Kent, Lorain, Massillon, Medina, Poland, Ravenna, Salem, Seville, Urichsville, Wadsworth, Warren, and Youngstown.
  19. ^ "The Kent Family". Kent Historical Society website. Kent Historical Society. 2003. http://dragon.cs.kent.edu/WEB/team/KentHistoricalSociety/kentfamily.html. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  20. ^ Hildebrand, William H.; Keller, Dean H.; Herington, Anita D. p. 20
  21. ^ "Twin Coach Company, Records, 1914-56". Kent State University Special Collections and Archives. 2004. http://speccoll.library.kent.edu/reghist/twincoa.html. Retrieved 2 January 2009. 
  22. ^ (PDF) Kent Bicentennial Historical Fun Facts. Kent Area Chamber of Commerce. 2006. 
  23. ^ "London Black Squirrels Take Over Kent State University". Victoria-Park.com. Victoria-Park.com. 2002. http://www.victoria-park.com/ksu.htm. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  24. ^ "Toast to the Tap International water competition announces 1997 winners". U.S. Water News Online. U.S. Water News. March 1997. http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/arcsupply/7toatap3.html. Retrieved 2009-01-16. 
  25. ^ Jay Leno. (15 May 1995). The Tonight Show. [Television production]. Los Angeles: National Broadcasting Company.  Episode also featured model Kathy Ireland, comedian Bill Maher, and singer PJ Harvey
  26. ^ "Kent Bog (Tom S. Cooperrider) State Nature Preserve". OhioDNR.com. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. http://www.ohiodnr.com/tabid/900/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-16. 
  27. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  28. ^ Grismer, p. 202
  29. ^ Darrow, p. 1
  30. ^ Hardesty, Tom (13 October 1997). "Ravens, Rough Riders to meet". Record-Courier. http://www.recordpub.com/news/article/110178. 
  31. ^ "Ohio High School Athletic Association 2001 Football Tournament" (PDF). OHSAA.org. Ohio High School Athletic Association. 2001. http://www.ohsaa.org/sports/ft/boys/2001/d1rgnbrkt.pdf. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  32. ^ "2009 Girls Field Hockey Tournament Regulations" (PDF). OHSAA.org. Ohio High School Athletic Association. 2009. http://www.ohsaa.org/sports/fh/girls/fhrglts.pdf. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  33. ^ King, Steve (9 July 2008). "Camp history unique". ClevelandBrowns.com. Cleveland Browns. http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/article.php?id=8558. Retrieved 10 January 2009. 
  34. ^ "Kent District Boys Ice Hockey Division I District Tournament". OHSAA.org. Ohio High School Athletic Association. 2009. http://brackets.ohsaa.org/bracket.aspx?not=24&t=501&ts=927. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  35. ^ "Skating for Skills". KentSkatingClub.net. Kent Skating Club. 2008. http://www.kentskatingclub.net/Categories/SkatingForSkills.htm. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  36. ^ "POWHA: Rink Locations". POWHA website. POWHA. 2009. http://www.eteamz.com/POWHA/locations/. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  37. ^ "POWHA: 2009-2010 POWHA Regular Season Team Pages". POWHA website. POWHA. 2009. http://www.eteamz.com/POWHA/teams/. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  38. ^ Staff reports (23 June 2009). "Registration begins for PC Open Tennis tourney". Record-Courier. http://www.recordpub.com/news/sports_article/4613766. 
  39. ^ "Franklin Mills Riveredge Park". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=113&53L3c73d=113. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  40. ^ "John Brown Tannery Park". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=114&53L3c73d=114. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  41. ^ "Brady's Leap Park". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=115&53L3c73d=115. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  42. ^ "General Information". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=2789&53L3c73d=2789. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  43. ^ "[http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=87&53L3c73d=87 Recreation Department For Kent Parks & Recreation]". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=87&53L3c73d=87. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  44. ^ "Annual Events". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Parks and Recreation. http://www.kentparksandrec.com/?type=cc&id=89&53L3c73d=89. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  45. ^ "The Portage Hike and Bike". PortageParkDistrict.com. Portage Park District. http://www.portageparkdistrict.org/portage.htm. Retrieved 4 October 2009. See also map link
  46. ^ "2009 Kent Heritage Festival". KentParksandRec.com. Kent Area Chamber of Commerce. 2009. http://www.kentbiz.com/heritagefestival.htm. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  47. ^ "Homecoming Week". KSUAlumni.org. Kent State University Alumni Association. 2009. http://www.ksualumni.org/s/401/index.aspx?sid=401&gid=1&pgid=449. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  48. ^ 2007 Blue Ribbon Schools Nominations. U.S. Department of Education. 2007. p. 38. http://www.ed.gov/programs/nclbbrs/2007/2007-schools.pdf. 
  49. ^ "The American Experience Technology Timeline: 1752 - 1990". The American Experience. Public Broadcasting Systems. 2000. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/timeline_text.html. Retrieved 2009-01-28. 
  50. ^ "Lucien B. Smith". Ohio History Central. Ohio Historical Society. 31 July 2006. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2672. Retrieved 2009-01-28. 
  51. ^ Di Paolo, Roger (27 April 2008). "PORTAGE PATHWAYS: He never forgot Kent". Record Courier (Record Publishing). http://www.recordpub.com/news/article/3699222. Retrieved 15 August 2009. 
  52. ^ "NPR Music: Six Parts Seven" (HTML links to RealAudio and Windows Media Audio). All Things Considered. NPR. 2004-09-16. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3922327. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Municipalities and communities of
Portage County, Ohio
County seat: Ravenna
Cities
Villages
Townships
CDP
Unincorporated
communities
Footnotes

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent,_Ohio"