Keytar
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A keytar is a relatively lightweight keyboard or synthesizer that is supported by a strap around the neck and shoulders, similar to the way a guitar is supported by a guitar strap. Keytars allow players a greater range of movement compared to conventional keyboards, which are placed on stands. The instrument has a musical keyboard for triggering musical notes and sounds. Controls for pitch bends, vibrato, portamento, and sustain are placed on the instrument’s “neck".
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[edit] History
The keytar was developed by Anthony Masakowski and commercially introduced in 1980 as the Moog Liberation. Early users included Spyro Gyra keyboardist Tom Schuman and the band Devo. The word “keytar” is a portmanteau of “keyboard” and “guitar”. An early printed use of the term “keytar” was in 1980 in an interview with Jeffrey Abbott by Tom Lounges of Illianabeat magazine (now Midwest BEAT Magazine).[citation needed]The keytar was made popular in the 1980s by glam metal bands, as well as synthpop and New Wave groups. Changing trends in music diminished the keytar’s popularity shortly thereafter.
The keytar has enjoyed new visibility due in part to software innovations from companies like Musiclab (RealGuitar), UltimateSoundBank (PlugSound).
While Edgar Winter often performed with keyboards slung around his neck in the early 1970s, they had no "neck" and so were not keytars—he actually used an ARP 2600 keyboard and a lightweight Univox electric piano with shoulder straps added. Wayne Famous of the 1980s band The Producers also strapped on a regular Oberheim synthesizer, which caused him to develop back problems.
Roland ceased production of its AX-7 model in early 2007. The AX-7 had been preceded by the AX-1, and before that, the Axis. In January 2009 the company announced the forthcoming release of Roland AX-Synth shoulder synthesizer with an axe-shape design and an internal sound module as an improvement to AX-7, which had no built-in sounds. AX-Synth also has further improvements, such as USB connectivity.[1]
[edit] Types
[edit] 1980s
The Moog Liberation was released in 1980 by Moog Music. It included two monophonic VCOs and a polyphonic section that could play organ sounds. The neck had spring-loaded wheels for filter cutoff, modulation, and volume as well as a ribbon-controlled pitch bend. The Liberation had a single VCF and two ADS envelope generators.
The Roland SH-101 is a small, 32 key, monophonic analog synthesizer from the early 1980s. It has one oscillator with two waveforms, an 'octave-divided' sub-oscillator, and a low-pass filter/VCF capable of self oscillation. When a shoulder strap is connected to it, and the small handgrip with a pitch bend wheel and a pitch modulation trigger is used, the SH-101 becomes a keytar.
The Yamaha SHS-10 from the late 1980s has a small keyboard with 32 minikeys and a pitch-bend wheel, an internal Frequency modulation (usually referred to as FM) synthesizer offering 25 different voices with 6-note polyphony. Onboard voices include a range of keyboard instruments (pipe organ, piano, electric piano, etc.); strings (violin, guitar, double bass, etc.); and wind and brass (clarinet, flute, trumpet, etc.).
[edit] 1990s-2000s
The Roland AX-7, which was manufactured from 2001 to 2007, contains many more advanced features than early keytars. It has 45 velocity sensitive keys (without aftertouch), and a 3-character LED display. Several features aimed towards stage performance are present, such as a pitch bend ribbon, touchpad-like expression bar, sustain switch, and volume control knob, all on the upper neck of the instrument. There is also a proprietary "D-Beam" interface, made up of infrared sensors that detect nearby motion. This interface can be used to trigger and control effects.
Currently Roland is planning to release the Roland AX-Synth in August 2009, a new model of keytar that contains its own synth sounds in addition to being a midi controller. Jean Michel Jarre has been using a prototype of the AX-Synth for the solo in Fin de Siecle during his current 2009 world tour. [2]
They were typically supplied power either through a long combined low voltage power lead from an external power supply unit(around 12V to 20V DC) and audio ouput lead (usually a balanced output using a 3 pin XLR plug) to connect it to the mixing desk/amplifier of the venue, or a belt-clipped power pack usually consisting of a rechargeable lead acid battery and a transmitter sending the audio signals to a receiver connected to the mixing desk/amplifier of the venue. This allowed complete mobility of the musician. With earlier battery powered ones you could usually see the battery/transmitter pack hanging from the musicians trouser belt as they were quite large.
[edit] Related instruments
While some inexpensive children’s toys are manufactured in the same shape as a keytar, and marketed with the keytar name, these toys have very limited capabilities. They can typically only perform one note at a time (monophonic) or in some cases, two-note polyphony. Professional models allow the performer to play many notes at once (except for older instruments such as the aforementioned Moog or the Roland SH-101). As well, the sound quality for the samples or synthesis is usually very rudimentary.
Instrument builder Vinson Williams developed two instruments which he calls Keytars, the Keytar V-1 (with 12 strings and a 12-note keyboard) and the Keytar V-2 (with 24 strings and a 24-note keyboard). Unlike the synthesizer-based Moog Liberation and the Yamaha and Roland keytars which descended from it, William's keytar combines a guitar body with strummable metal strings and a piano keyboard, instead of a fretboard, for allowing the keys to sound the strings. While William's instrument shares the keytar name, its use of strings and its Clavinet-style fretting mechanisms puts it in a different category. Like the Clavinet, William's instrument uses rubber pads which, when depressed, fret the otherwise damped strings. Unlike the Clavinet which relies solely on the impact of fretting to sound a note, however, the Williams instrument allows the strings to be plucked or strummed by hand.
[edit] Popularity
Keytars reached their height of popularity in the 1980s, and were strongly associated with the New Wave music of the time.
In the 1990s and early 2000 oughts, they were extremely unfashionable, however with the Synthpop revival of the late 2000 oughts, they are once again in style again,[citation needed] with Synthpop revivalists such as Cobra Starship, Lights, Mute Math, and Family Force 5 using them as well as power metal band DragonForce with their keyboard/synth player Vadim Pruzhanov. Page McConnell of the jam band Phish is often seen playing a keytar anytime the band covers the song Frankenstein by Edgar Winter. The lead vocalist for the pirate-themed folk metal band Alestorm also plays a keytar at all times on stage.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Roland AX-Synth Shoulder Synthesizer :: Specifications". Roland. http://www.roland.com/products/en/AX-Synth/specs.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-23.
- ^ [1]/
