Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| Khmelnytskyi Хмельницький |
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 Khmelnytskyi
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Khmelnytskyi
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| Coordinates: 49°25′0″N 27°00′0″E / 49.41667°N 27.00000°ECoordinates: 49°25′0″N 27°00′0″E / 49.41667°N 27.00000°E | |||
| Country |  Ukraine |
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| Province |  Khmelnytskyi Oblast |
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| City council |  Khmelnytskyi Council |
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| First mentioned | 1493 | ||
| City rights | September 22, 1937 | ||
| Government | |||
| • City Head | Serhiy Melnyk | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 90 km2 (30 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2005) | |||
| • Total | 290,100 | ||
| • Density | 2,822/km2 (7,310/sq mi) | ||
| Postal code | 29000 | ||
| Area code(s) | +380 382 | ||
| Website | http://www.khmelnytsky.com | ||
Khmelnytskyi (Ukrainian: Хмельни́цький, Khmel'nyts'ky; Russian: Хмельни́цкий, Khmel'nitsky; Polish: Chmielnicki) (until 1954, Proskuriv, Ukrainian: Проскурів) is the administrative center of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The city lies in the historic Podolia region on the banks of the Southern Buh River.
The town's original name was Płoskirów, later Proskurov, but in 1954 was renamed Khmelnytskyi. The alternative transliterations of the name include Khmel’nyts’kyỹ, Khmel’nyts’kyy, Khmelnitsky, and Khmelnitskiy. The city is served by Khmelnytskyi Ruzhychna Airport. As of 2009, the city's population is 290,100.
The football team FC Dynamo Khmelnytskyi is based in Khmelnytskyi.
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History [edit]
The city was founded in 1431 as Ploskyriv or Ploskyrivtsi (Плоскирів or Плоскирівці), and later came to be called Proskuriv (Проскурів), but in 1954 was renamed Khmelnytskyi (Хмельницький) on the 300th anniversary of a treaty negotiated by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
A series of pogroms were carried out in the region known in the history as the Proskurov pogrom. Particularly, that event was brought up during the Schwartzbard mistrial after which the Petliura's assassin was pardoned on the grounds of self-trail (revenge). According to Vinnytsia's city archives the pogrom was conducted on the Friday night February 15, 1919 by one of the otamans (generals) of the Ukrainian People's Army Otaman Semysenko. In total 390 men, 309 women and 76 children were killed in the pogrom, and an additional 500 individuals were wounded. The chief Otaman Petliura was appointed the head of state just two days prior to the tragedy on February 13. Petliura issued the Order 131 in which he mentioned the fact that numerous Jewish parties in Ukraine (Bund, Poale Zion, Folks-Partei, Unificationists) rose to the sovereignty of the Ukrainian Republic and were cooperating with the Ukrainian government, and he condemned such actions calling those initiators deserters, enemies of the State that must be liquidated. The order was co-signed by the Chief of staff otaman Yunakiv. The order was published in the Ukraina newspaper on February 20 (March 4, old style). Later Petliura issued a special order to execute Semysenko as the pogrom-initiator, which was accomplished on March 20, 1920.[1][verification needed]
The city was home during the Cold War to the 19th Division of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Strategic Rocket Forces, formed from the 7-я Запорожская Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov, Кутузова Artillery Division прорыва of the Red Army.[2] The intercontinental ballistic missile silos of the division were removed and destroyed, partially with U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction funding, during the 1990s.
Geography and natural resources [edit]
Khmelnytskyi is the regional center of Khmelnytskyi region which is located in the western part of Ukraine in the middle of Volhynia-Podilska.
Its total area is 8624 hectares.
On 01.01.2007 the population of the city was 258,300. The average life expectancy of its inhabitants is 65 years for men, and 75 years for women.
The city's birth rate is continuing to grow. In 2006, 2593 children were born.
Due to its geographical location and natural resources Khmelnytskyi has always attracted foreigners, including Turks, Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Lithuanians, Austrians, Swedes and Russians.
The city has a favorable geographical position. The distance from Khmelnytskyi to Kyiv by the railway is 366 km (227 mi), by highway is 384 km (239 mi). The highways Kyiv-Lviv, Odesa-Lviv and Chernivtsi-Kyiv pass through the city. The city has an airport with a 2,200 m (7,217.85 ft) concrete runway; at the airport there is a check point for crossing the state border of Ukraine.
The city has convenient transport connections with Moscow, Prague, Bratislava, Warsaw, Budapest, Belgrade and all major Ukrainian cities. The city is crossed by one of the longest rivers of Ukraine – the Southern Bug.
The climate of the city is moderate-continental. The average temperature of the air in the warmest month (July) is 20 to 22 °C (68 to 72 °F), and in the coldest month (January) is -5 to -6 °C (23 to 21 °F). The maximum temperature in summer reaches 36 to 38 °C (97 to 100 °F), the minimum temperature in winter is -24 to -30 °C (-11 to -22 °F). The average annual temperature is 7 to 8 °C (45 to 46 °F). The average annual precipitation is 510 to 580 mm (20.08 to 22.83 in). The most widespread ground making layers are the following overburden: loess and loess-type rocks.
The ground-climatic conditions of the city are favorable for cultivation of winter wheat and rye, sugar beet, potato and other crops and for the development of gardening and vegetable growing.
On the territory of the city there is vegetation of two geobotanical zones of Ukraine: Polissya and forest-steppe.
In the region and in the city there are many rock products, particularly building materials: limestone, plaster, chalk, tripoli powder, crystal layers (granites, gneisses), sand and sandstones, and also graphite, saponite, kaolin, phosphorite, lithographic stone and roofing slate. There are deposits of peat, bitumen, shale and oil.
Points of interest [edit]
- Proskurivska street, a modern central pedestrian street of the city, preserved buildings of the end of the 19th - the beginnings of 20th century in the styles of modernist, eclecticisms, Baroque, stone (characteristic only for Proskuriv).
- The house of the former Oleksiyivske real school (now it is the building of the City Executive Committee)
- The house of O. Brusilov (now is the House of Ceremonial events)
- The church of Nativity of the Virgin (the first stone construction in the city)
- The Protection cathedral
- Saint-Georgiy church
- Andriy Pervozvannyi church in "Dubovo" district
Famous people from Khmelnytskyi [edit]
- Ariel Durant, author and historian who with her husband, Will Durant, described the history of Western civilization in a series of works.
- Alberto Gerchunoff, Argentine author and journalist
- Anatoly Kashpirovsky, Russian psychotherapist and psychic healer
- Mischa Mischakoff, Russian violinist, teacher, and conductor
International relations [edit]
Twin towns — Sister cities [edit]
Khmelnytskyi is twinned with:
Modesto, United States (1987)
Silistra, Bulgaria (1992)
Bor, Serbia (1995)
Bălți, Moldova (1996)
Ciechanów, Poland (1996)
Kramfors, Sweden (1997)
Shijiazhuang, China (1998)
Tver, Russia (2007)
Views of Khmelnytskyi [edit]
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Podillya Hotel - main hotel in Khmelnytskyi
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Podilska St, near Trade Center
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Shevchenko Street - one of the main streets of Khmelnytskyi
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References [edit]
- ^ Faina Vinokurova, PhD in historical sciences.
- ^ Feskov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A., Golikov, V.I. (2004). The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91. Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing House. p. 133. ISBN 5-7511-1819-7.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Khmelnitsky |
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Look up Khmelnytskyi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- khmelnytsky.com - Khmelnytskyi City Rada website
- Photos of Khmelnytskyi
- Khmelnytskyi Sights and Streets
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