Kholmsk
| Kholmsk (English) Холмск (Russian) |
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| - Town[citation needed] - | |
.svg) Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia |
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 Kholmsk
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| Coordinates: 46°39′N 141°52′E / 46.65°N 141.867°ECoordinates: 46°39′N 141°52′E / 46.65°N 141.867°E | |
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| Town Day | August 18[citation needed] |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast |
| Administrative center of | Kholmsky District[citation needed] |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Kholmsky Urban Okrug[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
30,936 inhabitants[1] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 35,141 inhabitants[2] |
| Founded | 1870[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s) | 694620[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 424 33[citation needed] |
| Official website | |
Kholmsk (Russian: Холмск) is a town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. Population: 30,936 (2010 Census preliminary results);[1] 35,141 (2002 Census);[2] 51,381 (1989 Census).[3]
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[edit] History
It was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, it was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed it Maoka (真岡), translating roughly as True Hill.
On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely and valiantly. Enemy fire set one of the coastguards on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the town, causing more civilian deaths. It is known as Maoka Massacre.
The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of World War II, with the town receiving its present name Kholmsk in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbor.
As with a number of urban areas in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s.
[edit] Economy and infrastructure
Kholmsk is an important sea port for the island of Sakhalin. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a SASCO train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.[4]
Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.[5]
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns/sister cities
Kholmsk is twinned with:
Ansan, South Korea[6]
Kushiro City, Japan (since 1975)[7]
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kholmsk |
- Kholmsk travel guide from Wikitravel
- Official website of Kholmsk (Russian)
[edit] References
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ SASCO: Vanino-Kholmsk (Russian)
- ^ Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)
- ^ Partnership between Russia and S.Korea
- ^ The Russian presence in Japan
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