Kickapoo whistled speech
Kickapoo whistled speech is a means of communication among Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, a Kickapoo tribe in Texas and Mexico. Whistled speech is a system of whistled communication that allows subjects to transmit and exchange a potentially unlimited set of messages over long distances.[1]
Whistled language occurs among the Kickapoo Indian tribe living in the Mexican state of Coahuila. It is a substitute for spoken Kickapoo, in which the pitch and length of vowels and vowel clusters are represented, while vowel qualities and consonants are not.[2] The system of whistling was employed around 1915 by young members of the Kickapoo tribe, who wanted to be able to communicate without their parents' understanding.[3] To produce whistled speech, users cup their hands together to form a chamber. Next, they blow into the chamber with their lips placed against the knuckles of their thumbs. To alter the pitch of their whistle, the Kickapoo Indians lift their fingers from the back of the chamber.[2] Among the Kickapoo Indian tribe, whistled speech is employed primarily for courtship purposes. Young men and women rendezvous using whistle speech each evening as a cultural tradition.[2] The whistling can be heard from dusk to as late as midnight every evening. Messages mostly consist of phrases such as, "I'm thinking of you" and "Come on."[3]
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References[edit]
- ^ Rialland, Annie (2005). "Phonological and phonetic aspects of whistled languages". Phonology. 22 (2): 237–271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.484.4384. doi:10.1017/S0952675705000552. S2CID 18615779. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
- ^ a b c Voorhis, Paul H. (October 1971). "Notes on Kickapoo Whistle Speech". International Journal of American Linguistics. 37 (4): 238–243. doi:10.1086/465171. JSTOR 1264515. S2CID 144577833.
- ^ a b Ritzenthaler, Robert E.; Peterson, Frederick A. (December 1954). "Courtship Whistling of the Mexican Kickapoo Indians". American Anthropologist. 56 (6): 1088–1089. doi:10.1525/aa.1954.56.6.02a00110. JSTOR 664763.