King Shaka International Airport

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King Shaka International
KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg
The passenger terminal entrance at King Shaka International Airport, seen from the arrivals loop.
IATA: DUR – ICAO: FALE
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Dube Tradeport Company
Operator Airports Company South Africa
Worldwide Flight Services
Serves Durban, South Africa
Location La Mercy, South Africa
Elevation AMSL 90 m / 295 ft
Coordinates 29°36′52″S 031°06′59″E / 29.61444°S 31.11639°E / -29.61444; 31.11639Coordinates: 29°36′52″S 031°06′59″E / 29.61444°S 31.11639°E / -29.61444; 31.11639
Website www.dubetradeport.co.za
Map
DUR is located in Durban
DUR
Location in the Durban metropolitan area
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06/24 3,700 12,139 Asphalt
Statistics (2010-2011)
Passenger traffic 4,870,729 (increase10.6%)
Aircraft movements 54,718 (increase3.6%)
Source: Airports Company South Africa[1][2]

King Shaka International Airport, also known as La Mercy Airport (after the area in which it is situated) and abbreviated as KSIA, is the primary airport serving Durban, South Africa. Located at La Mercy, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of the city centre of Durban, it opened its doors to passengers on May 1, 2010, just over a month before the start of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It replaced the existing Durban International Airport which was decommissioned.[3] The airport was designed by Osmond Lange Architects and Planners and cost R6.8 billion.[4]

Although a larger airport to the Durban area (KSIA) was built to grow in International services, King Shaka International is still a key airport to Domestic services throughout South Africa, and serves the "Golden Triangle" between Cape Town International, OR Tambo International in Johannesburg, and King Shaka itself, with 7 different airlines serving the network.

King Shaka International Airport is the 9th busiest airport in Africa according to 2010 statistics, after Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya.

The airport forms part of the Dube Tradeport, which will additionally consist of a trade zone linked to the airport's cargo terminal, facilities to support the airport such as nearby offices and transit accommodation for tourists, an integrated agricultural export zone and an IT platform.[5]

The largest aircraft KSIA has scheduled services for is the A330-200, with Emirates operating Dubai-Durban, but KSIA's runway length, and terminal can accommodate aircraft such as the Airbus A380. KSIA has accomodated larger jets however, just not on normal scheduled service. South African Airways flew to Durban using A340's during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[6] On December 4th 2011, Emirates used a 777-300ER instead of the usual A330-200 for the Dubai-Durban route.[7]

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Project conception and initial construction

The passenger terminal under construction on August 28, 2009, taken from the airside and showing the domestic airbridges
Construction of the passenger terminal in August 2009

King Shaka International Airport was first conceptualised in the 1970s, with construction beginning in 1973. By 1975, earthworks and a storm drainage system had been completed. However, the project was halted in 1982 due to the economic slowdown at the time.[4]

The project was revived in the late 1990s when the limitations of Durban International Airport became apparent.[4] The airport's 2,400 m (7,874 ft) runway was too short to allow large aircraft such as the Boeing 747 to operate intercontinental routes out of Durban; the resulting decrease in international air traffic caused Durban to become marginalised with respect to Johannesburg and Cape Town.[8] Upgrading Durban International Airport was considered, however, a study published in 2007 found that the existing airport would still have serious constraints and would reach its maximum potential by 2025, after which there would be no choice but to develop KSIA.[9] It was also found that it would be 95% more expensive to operate Durban International Airport to its full potential and only then develop KSIA, than it would be to develop KSIA immediately.[9] However, disputes between the Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) and the Dube Tradeport firm (which is backed by the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government) stalled the project until national transport minister Jeff Radebe intervened to jumpstart the project in 2004.[10]

The project was then hit by a tender war between the Illembe consortium (led by Group Five and Wilson Bayly Holmes-Ovcon) and the Indiza consortium (led by Grinaker-LTA). Both consortia prequalified for the tender in April 2006; however, the tender was awarded to the Illembe consortium, with the Indiza consortium not being considered for failing to meet certain tender requirements.[11] The Indiza group appealed the decision, claiming that the correct tender process had not been followed and that their bid had been unfairly excluded;[11][12] however, their legal challenge was dismissed by the Pietermaritzburg High Court in February 2007.[13]

The final obstacle was a delay in the approval of the project's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.[4] The EIA was eventually approved in August 2007; conditions attached being the appointment of an environmental control officer, issues of access from the nearby N2 freeway, and fauna and flora issues; in particular, the impact of construction and airport operations on a nearby colony of barn swallows.[14]

Construction of the airport commenced on August 24, 2007, immediately after the approval of the EIA.[15] Construction progressed steadily throughout the next two years, with operational testing of the airport beginning in December 2009.[16] The airport handled its first flights on May 1, 2010.[17]

It is unclear what the fate of the existing Durban International Airport will be now that KSIA is complete. While it was originally expected that the airport would be decommissioned and the site (in a prime industrial area) would be redeveloped, possibly as a dug-out port serving nearby automotive assembly and components factories,[18] Comair has expressed interest in buying the existing airport and operating it as an alternative, secondary airport.[19]

[edit] Naming process

Despite wide expectations that the airport would be named "King Shaka International Airport", it emerged in October 2009 that the airport needed to undergo a formal naming process.[20] The former premier of KZN, S'bu Ndebele, described the naming process as urgent, stating that "pilots cannot fly to a place with no name".[20] Public hearings on the naming of the airport began at the beginning of November 2009, with most attendees favouring "King Shaka International Airport" as the new airport's name.[21]

On December 8, 2009, it was reported that "King Shaka International Airport" was indeed the most popular name for the new airport.[22] The airport name was approved by the South African Geographical Names Council on January 14, 2010,[23] and became official on February 2, 2010 when the Minister of Arts and Culture gave final approval to the name.[24]

The airport is named after Shaka, leader of the Zulu nation in the early 19th century.

[edit] Location

The airport is located at La Mercy, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Durban. The airport precinct is bordered by the M43 to the north, the Mdloti River to the south, the R102 to the west, and the N2 freeway to the east.

Neighbouring communities are Tongaat to the north-west, Verulam to the south-west, and Umdloti to the south-east; notable communities further afield are Umhlanga to the south and Ballito to the north. These communities are generally opposed to the airport on the grounds of noise;[25] recommendations for mitigation of their concerns were however made in the project's Environmental Impact Report.[26]

[edit] Mount Moreland barn swallows

Mount Moreland, a small community located 2.6 km (1.6 mi) south of the airport, is an important roosting site for the European Barn Swallow.[27] The roughly 250 m2 (299 sq yd) reed bed where the birds roost is directly underneath the approach path to Runway 06; when the airport was announced, there were fears that the reed bed would be destroyed due to the perceived threat of bird strikes, creating concern amongst environmentalists.[27]

As a result of all of these concerns, a study into the risks of bird strikes at KSIA was commissioned, with special attention being paid to the barn swallows at Mount Moreland. The study showed that the early morning dispersals of swallows generally happen before any scheduled arrivals and departures (earlier than 06:00), with the late afternoon swarms taking place below the airport approach path with only 5% of birds protruding into the approach paths for a very short time (around 10 minutes).[28] It was also noted that larger bird species, flying at higher altitudes, would pose more of a risk to aircraft than the swallows; such species already being a risk at Durban International Airport.[28] The study concluded that it would definitely be possible for the airport and swallows to co-exist; proposed risk mitigation measures included curtailing flight movements during the afternoon swarm, setting the glide slope approach to Runway 06 to 3.2 or 3.5 degrees rather than the standard 3 degrees, and the installation of a radar system that would monitor bird movements and be integrated into the operational plan of the airport.[28]

In response to the study, ACSA contracted De-Tect Inc. to install a radar system that would monitor all bird activity around KSIA, notifying air traffic controllers of any dangers to aircraft. The radar system arrived in January 2009 and is currently collecting data to be used for when the airport is operational.[29]

[edit] Aeronautical information

The aeronautical information for King Shaka International Airport, as published by the South African Civil Aviation Authority,[30] is as follows:

The airport's D-VOR ground station, located on a grass hill against a blue sky. The station is painted red and white.
The airport's D-VOR ground station
Location 29°36′42.38″S 31°11′03.53″E / 29.6117722°S 31.1843139°E / -29.6117722; 31.1843139
Runways 06/24 (true headings 037°/217°), 3,700 metres (12,100 ft)
VHF Omnidirectional Range Located at 29°36′40.20″S 31°07′29.03″E / 29.611167°S 31.1247306°E / -29.611167; 31.1247306, frequency 115.6 MHz
Instrument Landing System
  • Runway 06, frequency 109.7 MHz
  • Runway 24, frequency 111.3 MHz
Communication frequencies
Warnings The intersection of taxiways Alpha, Golf and November is a designated "hotspot", requiring extra caution and vigilance from pilots. Aircraft are not permitted to pass each other on the taxiways at this intersection.

[edit] Terminals

[edit] Passenger terminal

The departures concourse, showing the check-in islands and passengers checking in for their flights. Information is being displayed on LED and LCD display screens.
The departures concourse of the passenger terminal

The passenger terminal is located at the southern end of the airport precinct and is split into two levels: arrivals are handled on the lower floor, departures on the upper floor. With a total floor area of 102,000 m2 (1,100,000 sq ft), the terminal is capable of handling 7.5 million passengers per annum.[31]

The check-in concourse, located on the upper floor, contains 72 check-in counters and 18 self-service kiosks, as well as ticket offices for the various airlines operating out of the airport. Passengers then pass through the security checkpoint, segregated between domestic and international passengers, before proceeding to the departure lounges and the boarding gates. The airport has 34 aircraft parking bays and 16 jet bridges; four of the jet bridges (gates A20-A23) can be grouped into two to handle two Code F aircraft (e.g. an Airbus A380) or can singly handle four Code C aircraft (e.g. an Airbus A320 or Boeing 737), with the remainder being capable of handling one Code C aircraft each.[31][32]

Arrivals is located on the lower floor, with the baggage reclaim hall containing 5 conveyors that can be allocated between domestic and international use as is necessary. Most of the airport's retail is also located on the lower floor, as well as in an outdoor piazza area immediately outside the terminal building. Including retail in departure lounges, the airport has 52 retail outlets and 6,500 m2 (70,000 sq ft) of retail space.[31]

The terminal does not have a public viewing deck, which has attracted public criticism.[33] It has however been pointed out that viewing opportunities of the international terminal are available from the elevated departures drop-off road, as well as elsewhere in the airport precinct.[34]

[edit] Cargo terminal

A view of the cargo terminal from the main access road leading to it, showing bays for goods vehicles and the reception area.
The cargo terminal, taken from the landside

The cargo terminal is located to the north of the passenger terminal, and is in the approximate centre of the airport precinct. The cargo terminal will have an initial size of 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) and initial capacity for 150,000 tonnes of cargo per annum; long-term expansion could see the cargo terminal expand to a size of 100,000 m2 (1,100,000 sq ft) and capacity for 1 million tonnes of cargo per annum.[35] Worldwide Flight Services was appointed in August 2009 on a five-year contract as the cargo terminal operator.[36][37]

The cargo terminal will form one component of the Dube Tradeport's Trade Zone Precinct, which will additionally be home to trade and logistics warehousing as well as cargo and light industry activities that require quick access to air cargo services, and will cover an area of 36 hectares.[38]

One of the objectives of the cargo terminal is to recapture local air freight currently making use of OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg;[38] it is estimated that KwaZulu-Natal produces approximately 25,000 tonnes of air cargo which is currently transported by road to Johannesburg.[39] The airport also has the advantage of sea level operation as opposed to Johannesburg's high altitude, and is also located in close proximity to Durban's port, stated as being the busiest port in the southern hemisphere.[40] The cargo terminal will initially have two Code F stands (being capable of accommodating freighter variants of the Airbus A380), which can be expanded to ten in the long term.[9]

[edit] Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate scheduled flights to King Shaka International Airport:

Scheduled flights from King Shaka International Airport.
A flight departing from King Shaka International Airport against the backdrop of a dawn sky
A flight departing King Shaka International Airport
Airlines Destinations Type
1Time Cape Town, Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Johannesburg-Lanseria (Starts 5 March 2012) Domestic
Air Mauritius Mauritius International
Airlink Maputo International
Airlink Bloemfontein, George, Nelspruit Domestic
British Airways operated by Comair Cape Town, Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Port Elizabeth Domestic
Emirates Dubai International
Kulula.com Cape Town, Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Johannesburg-Lanseria, Port Elizabeth Domestic
Mango Cape Town, Johannesburg-OR Tambo Domestic
South African Airways Cape Town, Johannesburg-OR Tambo Domestic
South African Express Cape Town, East London, Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Port Elizabeth Domestic
Velvet Sky Johannesburg-OR Tambo, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth Domestic

King Shaka International Airport is in negotiations with British Airways (Comair) to start direct flights to London - Gatwick in the near future. Emirates Airlines have announced that they will upgrade the A330-200 currently in use on the Dubai-Durban route to a B777-300ER on 1 June 2012 due to the high demand.

[edit] Traffic and statistics

King Shaka International Airport recorded 4.9 million passengers in 2010-2011, with the majority (4.7 million) being domestic passengers, 179,732 being international, and a small percentage of traffic being classified as "unscheduled". 54,718 aircraft traffic movements were recorded; the majority again being domestic services. The statistics place KSIA as the third busiest airport in South Africa, behind both OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg and Cape Town International Airport.[41]

The following tables list passenger and air traffic statistics for King Shaka International Airport as published by Airports Company South Africa. Statistics run between April and March the following year.

Annual passenger traffic for King Shaka International Airport[1]
Year International Regional Domestic Unscheduled Total
Passenger movements  % Change Passenger movements  % Change Passenger movements  % Change Passenger movements  % Change Passenger movements  % Change
2010-20111 179,732 increase81.7% 0 decrease100.0% 4,670,129 increase8.7% 20,868 increase215.6% 4,870,729 increase10.6%
Annual aircraft movements for King Shaka International Airport[2]
Year International Regional Domestic Unscheduled Total
Aircraft movements  % Change Aircraft movements  % Change Aircraft movements  % Change Aircraft movements  % Change Aircraft movements  % Change
2010-20111 1,460 increase0.0% 0 decrease100.0% 49,623 increase1.5% 3,635 increase59.4% 54,718 increase3.6%
Notes
  • ^1 Statistics for 2010-2011 include operations at Durban International Airport up to and including April 30, 2010. Comparisons are made with the previous reporting period's statistics at Durban International Airport.

[edit] Access

[edit] Road

A three-level interchange between the N2 national freeway and the M65 main road
The interchange of the N2 and M65

The airport is accessible from both the N2 freeway and the alternative R102 road, with the M65 linking the N2 at exit 195 and the R102 between Verulam and Tongaat with the airport. The M65 does not continue from the N2 interchange to the coastal M4 highway, necessitating M4 traffic to divert to the N2 using either the M27 if approaching from the south, or the M43 (Watson Highway) if approaching from the north; however, the airport's Environmental Impact Assessment recommended that the M65 should be extended to the M4 in the future should traffic volumes rise to the point where this would become necessary.[26] Another notable road in the vicinity of the airport is the R614 from the Albert Falls and Wartburg areas, which terminates at the R102 in the northern outskirts of Tongaat; users of the R614 access the airport via the R102.

The majority of routes to and from the airport via the N2 involve payment of a toll: traffic leaving the airport to the south (the direction of central Durban) must pass through the La Mercy Ramp Plaza located at the interchange of the N2 and M65,[42] while traffic arriving at and leaving the airport from the north (the direction of Ballito) must pass through the mainline Tongaat Toll Plaza located at the interchange of the N2 and M43. Motorists arriving from the south along the N2 are not tolled, and the R102 acts as an untolled alternative route.The N2 S from the airport can lead to the M4 S, which leads directly into the city.

The airport contains 6,500 public parking bays, both in a short-term parkade and in a shaded medium-term parking area.[43] Public road transport is provided by airport shuttle buses and metered taxis, which have been allocated their own pick-up and drop-off area adjacent to the terminal entrance to the international arrivals area.

[edit] Rail link

The main railway line heading north from Durban along the North Coast runs close to the R102. Direct rail access has been provided for in the master plans, and is expected to be constructed after 2010 as part of the second phase of construction.[44]

[edit] Accidents and incidents

  • On August 13, 2009, a privately-owned Yakovlev Yak-18T (registration ZU-BHR) performed an emergency landing on the then unfinished runway due to a fuel contamination issue, becoming the first aircraft to land at KSIA.[45][46]

[edit] Future development

As of March 2010, information on future development at KSIA is scarce and conflicting. Long term master plans published on the Dube Tradeport website show projected phases of development in 2035 and 2060;[47] however, images of future development posted on an internet forum indicate five phases of development, with each phase to be developed based on annual passenger volumes reaching certain levels.[48] Both sources of information agree that by 2060, the airport would have two parallel runways with the passenger terminal building having an estimated capacity for 45 million passengers per annum.

[edit] See also

Portal icon South Africa portal
Portal icon Aviation portal


[edit] References

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  47. ^ Dube Tradeport. "Proposed Master Plan of the Dube Tradeport". http://www.dubetradeport.co.za/sitePlan.asp. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 
  48. ^ "#Dube Tradeport & King Shaka International Airport - Durban (Part 3)". SkyscraperCity. March 10, 2010. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showpost.php?p=53201129&postcount=261. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 

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