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Kingdom of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان واکمنان, Persian: پادشاهي افغانستان) was a self-declared monarchy in the Middle East established by Mohammed Nadir Shah after executing former leader of the Emirate of Afghanistan, Habibullah Ghazi. Shah's successor was his son, Mohammed Zahir Shah, whose rule started in 1933 and was eventually overthrown by his own cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan. It was under the leadership of Shah that the Afghan government sought relationships with the outside world, most notably with the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States.[1]
The Kingdom had previously existed from 1926 to 1929 ruled by Amanullah Khan and then Inayatullah Khan.
Under the leadership of Zahir Shah Afghanistan was neutral during World War II and pursued a diplomatic policy of non-alignment. Prime Minister of Afghanistan at that time Daoud worked hard for developments of modern industries, and education in the country.[2]
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