Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
| Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Regno Lombardo–Veneto (it) Königreich Lombardo–Venetien (de) |
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| Constituent state of Austria | ||||||
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 Outline of the Kingdom in 1852, superimposed on modern borders.
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| Capital | Milan & Venice (1815–1859) Venice[1][2][3][4] (1859–1866) |
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| Languages | Italian, German | |||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | |||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | |||||
| King | ||||||
| - | 1815–1835 | Francis I | ||||
| - | 1835–1848 | Ferdinand I | ||||
| - | 1848–1866 | Francis Joseph I | ||||
| Viceroy | ||||||
| - | 1815 | Heinrich XV | ||||
| - | 1815–1816 | Heinrich Joseph | ||||
| - | 1816–1818 | Anton Victor | ||||
| - | 1818–1848 | Rainer Joseph | ||||
| - | 1848–1857 | Johann Wenzel | ||||
| - | 1857–1859 | Ferdinand Joseph | ||||
| History | ||||||
| - | Congress of Vienna | 9 June 1815 | ||||
| - | Five Days of Milan | 22 March 1848 | ||||
| - | Treaty of Zürich | 10 November 1859 | ||||
| - | Austro-Prussian War | 14 June 1866 | ||||
| - | Peace of Prague | 23 August 1866 | ||||
| - | Treaty of Vienna | 12 October 1866 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | 1852 [3] | 46,782 km² (18,063 sq mi) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 1852 est.[3] | 4,671,000 | ||||
| Density | 99.8 /km² (258.6 /sq mi) | |||||
| Currency | Lombardy-Venetia pound, (1816–1860) Lombardy-Venetia florin (1860–1866) |
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| Today part of |  Italy |
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The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Italian: Regno Lombardo–Veneto; German: Königreich Lombardo–Venetien; rarely styled as "Austrian Italy", German: Österreichisches Italien)[5] was created at the Congress of Vienna, which recognised the House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to Lombardy and Venetia after the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed by Napoleon I in 1805, had collapsed.[6] The viceroys, were to reside at Milan and Venice, and were appointed by the Imperial Court at Vienna.[4]
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History [edit]
The Congress of Vienna combined the territories of Lombardy (which had been ruled by the Habsburgs since the 16th century, and by the Austrian branch of the family from 1713 to 1796) and Venetia (which had been under Austrian rule intermittently since 1797) into a single unit under the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Administratively the Kingdom comprised two independent governments in the two parts. Lombardy included the provinces of Milan, Como, Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Cremona, Mantova, Lodi-Crema, and Sondrio. Venetia included the provinces of Venice, Verona, Padova, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo, Belluno, and Udine.[7]
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia was first ruled by Francis I from 1815 to his death in 1835. Ferdinand I ruled from 1835 to 1848.
After a popular revolution on 22 March 1848 (The Five Days of Milan), the Austrians fled from Milan, which became the capital city of the Governo Provvisorio della Lombardia (Lombardy Provisional Government). The next day, Venice also rose against the Austrians, forming the Governo Provvisorio di Venezia (Venice Provisional Government). The Austrians, after defeating the Sardinian troops at the Battle of Custoza (24–25 July 1848), entered Milan (6 August) and Venice (24 August 1849), and restored Austrian rule.
Francis Joseph I ruled over the Kingdom for the rest of its existence. His younger brother Maximilian (who later became Emperor of Mexico), served as his viceroy in Milan between 1857 and 1859.
Lombardy was annexed to the embryonic Italian state in 1859, by the Treaty of Zurich after the Second Italian War of Independence; Venetia was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 in the aftermath of the Seven Weeks War, by the Peace of Prague.[7]
Kings of Lombardy–Venetia [edit]
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Francis I | 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835 (aged 67) | 9 June 1815 | 2 March 1835 | Habsburg-Lorraine |  |
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Ferdinand I
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19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875 (aged 82) | 2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 (abdicated) |
Son of Francis I | Habsburg-Lorraine |  |
| Francis Joseph I | 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916 (aged 86) | 2 December 1848 | 12 October 1866 (deposed) |
Nephew of Ferdinand I | Habsburg-Lorraine |  |
Sources [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia |
- ^ Pollock, Arthur William Alsager (1854). The United service magazine: Vol.75. London.
- ^ Förster, Ernst (1866). Handbuch für Reisende in Italien: Vol.1. Munich.
- ^ a b c Fisher, Richard S. (1852). The book of the world: Vol.2. New York.
- ^ a b Francis Young & W.B.B. Stevens (1864). Garibaldi: his life and times. London.
- ^ Pütz, Wilhelm (1855). Leitfaden bei dem Unterricht in der vergleichenden Erdbeschreibung. Freiburg.
- ^ Rindler Schjerve, Rosita (2003). Diglossia and Power. Berlin.
- ^ a b Rosita Rindler Schjerve (2003) "Diglossia and Power: Language Policies and Practice in the 19th Century Habsburg Empire", ISBN 3-11-017653-X, pp. 199-200
See also [edit]
External links [edit]
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