Kingdom of Montenegro

Kingdom of Montenegro
Краљевина Црнa Горa
*Kraljevina Crna Gora*
	Kingdom of Montenegro; Краљевина Црнa Горa; Kraljevina Crna Gora
Flag	Royal Coat of arms
	Motto; Krst, dom, sloboda; Крст, дом, слобода; "Cross, Home, Freedom"
	Anthem; Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori; Убавој нам Црној Гори; "To Our Beautiful Montenegro"
	The Kingdom of Montenegro in 1914.
Capital	Cetinje (1910–1916)
Capital-in-exile	Bordeaux,; Neuilly-sur-Seine
Languages	Serbian
Religion	Serbian Orthodox
Government	Constitutional monarchy
	King
Prime Minister
Legislature	Parliament
Historical era	World War I
	Area
	Population
Currency	Montenegrin Perper

The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian: Краљевина Црнa Горa, Kraljevina Crna Gora), was a monarchy in southeastern Europe during the tumultuous years on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Legally it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918 Montenegro was unified with the Kingdom of Serbia, then three days later, on 1 December 1918, it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

History [edit]

See also: History of Montenegro

The Kingdom of Montenegro was proclaimed by Nicholas I in Cetinje, on 28 August 1910. Nicholas I, who had ruled the country as Prince since 1860, initiated several modernizing reforms in the beginning of the 20th century such as introducing a constitution and a new currency, the Montenegrin perper. Montenegro enthustiastically joined the First Balkan War in 1912, hoping to get a share in the last Ottoman-controlled areas of Rumelia. At first, Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting Sandžak with Serbia on 30 May 1913. Later though, the newly-captured city of İşkodra (Skadar in Montenegrin, now Shkodër) had to be given up to the new state of Albania at the insistence of the Great Powers despite the Montenegrins having invested 10,000 lives into the capture of the town from the Ottoman-Albanian forces of Esad Pasha. When, in 1913 after the war, conflict broke out between Bulgaria and Serbia, it was natural for King Nicholas to side with Serbia and once again Montenegro was tossed into war, in which Montenegro indeed was granted substantial additional territory.

During World War I, Montenegro was allied with the Triple Entente, in line with King Nicholas' pro-Serbian policy. From 15 January 1916 to October 1918, the country was occupied by Austria-Hungary.

On 20 July 1917, the Corfu Declaration was signed; it declared the unification of Montenegro with Serbia. On 28 November 1918, Montenegrin unification with Serbia was proclaimed. Nicholas I was a staunch supporter of unification with Serbia to form a great Serbian state for all Serbs but was in conflict with the kings of Serbia concerning who would be the ruler of the new kingdom. Nicholas I was eventually dethroned and exiled.

Nominally, a later Kingdom of Montenegro existed during World War II. In reality, the area was under Italian and then German control, and there was no monarch, with all candidates having refused the crown. Italian-appointed governors ruled this puppet state from 1941 through 1943, and when Italy withdrew, the region came under direct control by German troops. Yugoslav Partisans under Josip Broz Tito took control in December 1944, terminating the ostensible second Kingdom of Montenegro.

Rulers [edit]

King of Montenegro (1910–1918) [edit]

Pretenders (1918–Present) [edit]

Nicholas I of Montenegro (1918–1921)
Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro (Danilo III) (1921)
Michael, Prince of Montenegro (Michael I) (1921–1986)
Prince Nicholas of Montenegro (Nicholas II) (1986–Present)
- Boris of Montenegro (Heir apparent) (born 1980)

Prime Ministers (1910–1916) [edit]

Prime Ministers in-exile (1916–1922) [edit]

Lazar Mijušković (1916)
Andrija Radović (1916–1917)
Milo Matanović (1917)
Evgenije Popović (1917–1919)
Jovan Plamenac (1919–1921)
Anto Gvozdenović (1921–1922)
Milutin Vučinić (1922)
Anto Gvozdenović (1922)

Gallery [edit]

Kingdom of Montenegro in 1913.
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Montenegro, 28 August 1910.

External links [edit]

Coordinates: 42°38′00″N 19°32′00″E / 42.6333°N 19.5333°E / 42.6333; 19.5333

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kingdom of Montenegro

v t e Timeline of Yugoslav statehood
	Pre-1918	1918–1929	1929–1945	1941–1945	1943–1946	1946–1963	1963–1992	1991/1992–2003	2003–2006	2006–2008	2008–
Slovenia	Part of Austria-Hungary including the Bay of Kotor See also Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 1868–1918 Kingdom of Dalmatia 1815–1918 Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1878–1918	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929) Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943) See also State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1918 Republic of Prekmurje 1919 Banat, Bačka and Baranja 1918–1919 Free State of Fiume 1920–1924 1924–1947		Annexed by^a Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany	Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1943–1946 Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1946–1963 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1963–1992 Consisted of the Socialist Republics of Slovenia (1944–1991) Croatia (1943–1991) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1943–1992) Serbia (1943–1990) (included the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo) Montenegro (1943–1992) Macedonia (1944–1991)			Republic of Slovenia Ten-Day War
Dalmatia				Independent State of Croatia 1941–1945 Puppet state of Nazi Germany. Parts annexed by Fascist Italy. Međimurje and Baranja annexed by Hungary.				Republic of Croatia^b Croatian War of Independence
Slavonia
Croatia
Bosnia								Bosnia and Herzegovina^c Bosnian War Consists of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–present), Republika Srpska (1995–present) and Brčko District (2000–present).
Herzegovina
Vojvodina	Part of the Délvidék region of Hungary			Autonomous Banat^d (part of the German Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia)				Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Consisted of the Republic of Serbia (1990–2006) and Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006) See also Republic of Kosova (1990–2000)	State Union of Serbia and Montenegro	Republic of Serbia Included the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and, under UN administration, Kosovo and Metohija	Republic of Serbia Includes the autonomous province of Vojvodina
Serbia	Kingdom of Serbia 1882–1918			Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia 1941–1944 ^e
Kosovo	Part of the Kingdom of Serbia 1912–1918			Mostly annexed by Albania 1941–1944 along with western Macedonia and south-eastern Montenegro							Republic of Kosovo^g
Metohija	Kingdom of Montenegro 1910–1918 Metohija controlled by Austria-Hungary 1915–1918										Republic of Kosovo^g
Montenegro				Protectorate^f 1941–1944						Montenegro
Macedonia	Part of the Kingdom of Serbia 1912–1918			Annexed by the Kingdom of Bulgaria 1941–1944				Republic of Macedonia
^a Prekmurje annexed by Hungary. ^b See also SAO Kninska Krajina (1990) → SAO Krajina (1990–1991); and SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1990–1991), SAO Western Slavonia (1990–1991) and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1990–1995), all replaced by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (1996–1998). ^c See also Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia; and the Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) of Bosanska Krajina, North-Eastern Bosnia, Romanija and Herzegovina (1991–1992), which all combined to form the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). ^d Bačka was reannexed by Hungary (1941–1944), while Syrmia was annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944).							^e See also Republic of Užice. ^f Annexed by Fascist Italy (1941–1943) and Nazi Germany (1943–1944). Smaller part annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944). ^g Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo. The latter declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. Kosovo's independence has been recognised by 99 out of 193 United Nations member states.

Kingdom of Montenegro

Contents

History [edit]

Rulers [edit]

King of Montenegro (1910–1918) [edit]

Pretenders (1918–Present) [edit]

Prime Ministers (1910–1916) [edit]

Prime Ministers in-exile (1916–1922) [edit]

Gallery [edit]

See also [edit]

External links [edit]

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