Kingdom of Portugal

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 This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Portuguese Wikipedia. (January 2012)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves (Portuguese)
Regnum Portugalliae et Algarbia
(Latin)
←
 
←
1139–1910 →
Flag Coat of arms
Motto
Vis Unita Maior Nunc et Semper
Anthem
O Hino da Carta (from 1834)
The Kingdom and its dominions in 1800.
Capital Coimbra
(1139–1255)
Lisbon[1]
(1255–1910)
Language(s) Portuguese
Religion Roman Catholic
Government Absolute Monarchy
(1139–1820 / 1828–1834)
Constitutional Monarchy
(1820–1828 / 1834–1910)
Monarch
 - 1139–1185 Afonso I (first)
 - 1908–1910 Manuel II (last)
Prime Minister
 - 1834–1835 Pedro de Holstein (first)
 - 1910 António Teixeira (last)
Legislature Cortes
 - Upper house Chamber of Peers
 - Lower house Chamber of Deputies
History
 - Established July 26, 1139
 - Peninsular War 1808–1814
 - Brazilian suzerainty 1815
 - Brazilian independence October 12, 1822
 - 5 October 1910 revolution October 5, 1910
Currency Portuguese dinheiro,
(1139–1433)
Portuguese real
(1433–1910)
1. ^ The capital was located at Rio de Janeiro from 1808 to 1821.

The Kingdom of Portugal (Portuguese: Reino de Portugal, Latin: Regnum Portugalliae), or the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (Portuguese: Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves,[1][2][3][4] Latin: Regnum Portugalliae et Algarbia), was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910. It was replaced by the Portuguese First Republic after the 5 October 1910 revolution.

Contents

[edit] History

Main article: History of Portugal

[edit] Origins

Portugal kingdom braganza.gif
Kingdom of Portugal
Topics
Portuguese Monarchs
Portuguese Cortes
Portuguese Nobility
Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Discoveries
Demise of the Monarchy
Succession to the Throne

The Kingdom of Portugal finds its origins in the County of Portugal (1093–1139). The Portuguese County was a semi-autonomous county of the Kingdom of Leon. Independence from Leon took place in three stages:

  1. The first on July 26, 1139 when Afonso Henriques, was acclaimed King of the Portuguese[5] internally.
  2. The second was on October 5 of 1143, by which the Kingdom of Leon and Kingdom of Castile, recognized as Afonso Henriques as king through the Treaty of Zamora.
  3. The third, on 1179, was the Papal Bull Manifestis Probatum, where by Portugal's independence is recognized by the Pope.

Once Portugal was independent, Afonso I's descendants, members of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, would rule Portugal until 1383. Even after the change in royal houses, all the monarchs of Portugal were descended from Afonso I, one way or another, through both legitimate and illegitimate links.

[edit] Fall of the Monarchy

Main article: 5 October 1910 revolution

With the turn of the twentieth century, republicanism would grow in numbers and support. This height of support for the republican cause would lead to the Lisbon Regicide on February 1, 1908. When returning from Vila Viçosa, King Carlos I and the Prince Royal Luis Filipe were killed in the Terreiro do Paço, in Lisbon. With the death of the king and his heir, Carlos I's second son would become king as King Manuel II of Portugal. Manuel's reign, however, would be short and would end with the 5 October 1910 revolution, which sent Manuel into exile in England and would start the Portuguese First Republic.

[edit] The Portuguese Empire

An anachronistic map of the Portuguese Empire.
Main article: Portuguese Empire

Over time, the Kingdom of Portugal built what was known as the Portuguese Empire. Starting with the Conquest of Ceuta in 1415, the empire expanded with the addition of many colonies, the largest of which was Brazil (established in 1500 and dissolved in1822). After the republican revolution in 1910, the remaining colonies of the empire became overseas provinces of the Portuguese Republic until the late 20th century, when the last overseas territories of Portugal were handed over (most notably Portuguese Africa, which included the overseas provinces of Angola and Mozambique, in 1975, and finally Macau in 1999).

[edit] Rulers

Main article: List of Portuguese monarchs

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Serrão, "... pescado nos mares do Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves e ilhas adjacentes." p. 288
  2. ^ Mattoso, Hespanha, "Todo o território do Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves era coberto pela rede paroquial..." p. 274
  3. ^ Soriano, p. 307
  4. ^ São Miguel, da Fonseca, p. 19
  5. ^ Wilner, Hero, Weiner, p. 190

[edit] Sources

  • Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, História de Portugal: Do mindelo á regeneração (1832-1851)
  • José Mattoso, António Manuel Hespanha, História de Portugal 4: O Antigo Regime (1620-1807), (1998) ISBN 9723313111
  • Simão José da Luz Soriano, Historia da Guerra Civil e do estabelecimento do governo parlamentar em Portugal: comprehedendo a historia diplomatica, militar e politica d'este reino desde 1777 até 1834 Volume 9 (1893)
  • Jacinto de São Miguel (Frei), Martinho Augusto Ferreira da Fonseca, Mosteiro de Belém: Relação da insigne e real casa de Santa Maria de Belém (1901)
  • Mark Willner, George Hero, Jerry Weiner, Global History Volume I: The Ancient World to the Age of Revolution (2006) ISBN 9780764158117
  • Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926 (1998) ISBN 9780299074548

[edit] See also

Topics related to the Portuguese Monarchy
Major events
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Portugal (1640-1910).png
Royal Houses
Royal Residences
Miscellaneous
North Africa

15th century
1415–1640  Ceuta
1458–1550  Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir)
1471–1550  Arzila (Asilah)
1471–1662  Tangier
1485–1550  Mazagan (El Jadida)
1487– middle 16th century  Ouadane
1488–1541  Safim (Safi)
1489  Graciosa

16th century
1505–1769  Santa Cruz do Cabo
 de Gué (Agadir)
1506–1525  Mogador (Essaouira)
1506–1525  Aguz (Souira Guedima)
1506–1769  Mazagan (El Jadida)
1513–1541  Azamor (Azemmour)
1515  São João da Mamora (Mehdya)
1577–1589  Arzila (Asilah)
Coat of arms of Portugal (1640).svg
Sub-Saharan Africa

15th century
1455–1633  Anguim
1462–1975  Cape Verde
1470–1975  São Tomé1
1474–1778  Annobón
1478–1778  Fernando Poo (Bioko)
1482–1637  Elmina (São Jorge
 da Mina)
1482–1642  Portuguese Gold Coast
1496–1550  Madagascar
1498–1540  Mascarene Islands

16th century
1500–1630  Malindi
1500–1975  Príncipe1
1501–1975  Portuguese E. Africa
 (Mozambique)
1502–1659  Saint Helena
1503–1698  Zanzibar
1505–1512  Quíloa (Kilwa)
1506–1511  Socotra
1557–1578  Accra
1575–1975  Portuguese W. Africa
 (Angola)
1588–1974  Cacheu2
1593–1698  Mombassa (Mombasa)

17th century
1645–1888  Ziguinchor
1680–1961  São João Baptista de Ajudá
1687–1974  Bissau2

18th century
1728–1729  Mombassa (Mombasa)
1753–1975  São Tomé and Príncipe

19th century
1879–1974  Portuguese Guinea
1885–1975  Portuguese Congo
  1 Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753.   2 Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879.
Southwest Asia

16th century
1506–1615  Gamru (Bandar-Abbas)
1507–1643  Sohar
1515–1622  Hormuz (Ormus)
1515–1648  Quriyat
1515–?   Qalhat
1515–1650  Muscat
1515?–?   Barka
1515–1633? Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
1521–1602  Bahrain (Muharraq and Manama)
1521–1529?  Qatif
1521?–1551? Tarut Island
1550–1551  Qatif
1588–1648  Matrah

17th century
1620–?   Khor Fakkan
1621?–?   As Sib
1621–1622  Qeshm
1623–?   Khasab
1623–?   Libedia
1624–?   Kalba
1624–?   Madha
1624–1648  Dibba Al-Hisn
1624?–?   Bandar-e Kong
Indian subcontinent

15th century
1498–1545  Laccadive Islands
      (Lakshadweep)

16th century
Portuguese India
· 1500–1663  Cochim (Kochi)
· 1501–1663  Cannanore (Kannur)
· 1502–1658, 1659-1661  Quilon (Coulão/Kollam)
· 1502–1661  Pallipuram (Cochin de Cima)
· 1507–1657  Negapatam (Nagapatnam)
· 1510–1962  Goa
· 1512–1525, 1750  Calicut (Kozhikode)
· 1518–1619  Portuguese Paliacate trading outpost (Pulicat)
· 1521–1740  Chaul
· 1523–1662  Mylapore
· 1528–1666  Chittagong
· 1531–1571  Chaul
· 1531–1571  Chalé
· 1534–1601  Salsette Island
· 1534–1661  Bombay (Mumbai)
· 1535  Ponnani
· 1535–1739  Baçaím (Vasai-Virar)
· 1536–1662  Cranganore (Kodungallur)
· 1540–1612  Surat
· 1548–1658  Tuticorin (Thoothukudi)

16th century (continued)
Portuguese India (continued)
· 1559–1962  Daman and Diu
· 1568–1659  Mangalore
· 1579–1632  Hugli
· 1598–1610  Masulipatnam (Machilipatnam)
1518–1521  Maldives
1518–1658  Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1558–1573  Maldives

17th century
Portuguese India
· 1687–1749  Mylapore

18th century
Portuguese India
· 1779–1954  Dadra and Nagar Haveli
East Asia and Oceania

16th century
1511–1641  Portuguese Malacca
1512–1621  Maluku
· 1522–1575  Ternate
· 1576–1605  Ambon
· 1578–1650  Tidore
1512–1665  Makassar
1553–1999  Macau
1571–1639  Decima (Dejima, Nagasaki)

17th century
1642–1975  Portuguese Timor (East Timor)1
19th century
Macau
· 1864–1999  Coloane
· 1849–1999  Portas do Cerco
· 1851–1999  Taipa
· 1890–1999  Ilha Verde
20th century
Macau
· 1938–1941  Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin)
1 

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor's independence was recognized by Portugal & the world.
North America and the North Atlantic Ocean

15th century
1420 Madeira
1432 Azores

16th century
1500–1579?  Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
1500–1579?  Labrador
1516–1579?  Nova Scotia
Central and South America

16th century
1500–1822  Brazil
1536–1620  Barbados

17th century
1680–1777  Nova Colónia do Sacramento
19th century
1808–1822  Cisplatina (Uruguay)
1809–1817  Portuguese Guiana
1822  Upper Peru (Bolivia)
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