Kingdom of Slavonia

Kingdom of Slavonia Kraljevina Slavonija Regnum Sclavoniae Königreich Slawonien Szlavón Királyság
Separate Habsburg land under joint civil-military administration (1699-1745), then Land of the Crown of St. Stephen within the Habsburg Monarchy (1745-1804) then Constituent land of the Austrian Empire (1804-1868) subordinate to the Kingdom of Croatia and to the Kingdom of Hungary (1745-1849), separate Habsburg land (1849-1868)
← 1699–1868 →
Flag Coat of arms
Kingdom of Slavonia in 1751
Capital	Osijek
Language(s)	Croatian, Serbian, Latin, German, Hungarian
Religion	Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Early Modern period
- Established	1699
- Joined with the Kingdom of Croatia into the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia	1868
Currency	gulden

The Kingdom of Slavonia (Croatian and Serbian: Kraljevina Slavonija; German: Königreich Slawonien; Latin: Regnum Sclavoniae; Hungarian: Szlavón Királyság) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia (today in Croatia) and Syrmia (today in Serbia and Croatia). The southern parts of these regions were part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Slavonian Krajina).

History

Kingdom of Slavonia in 1849

The Kingdom of Slavonia was formed from territories that Habsburg Monarchy gained from Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699). Initially, it was a separate Habsburg land under joint civil-military administration that lasted from 1699 to 1745. In 1745, the full civil administration was introduced and Kingdom of Slavonia, as one of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, was administratively included into both, the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia, and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. After 1849 the Kingdom of Slavonia and Kingdom of Croatia were affirmed as completely separate crownlands (constituent lands) of the Austrian Empire. Following the 1868 Settlement (Nagodba) with the Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Slavonia was joined with Kingdom of Croatia into the single Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which although it was under the suzerainty of the Crown of Saint Stephen kept a significant level of self-rule.

Population

The 1790 Austrian population census for the Kingdom of Slavonia recorded 131,000 (46.8%) Serbs, 128,000 (45.7%) Croats, 19,000 (6.8%) Hungarians, and 2,000 (0.7%) Germans. The Kingdom of Slavonia in this time also included northern parts of eastern Syrmia mainly inhabited by Serbs, hence the number of Serbs in the Kingdom was larger than the number of Croats.

According to other statistical estimations, in 1787 in civil Slavonia there were 265,670 inhabitants, and in 1804/1805 there were 286,349 inhabitants, but from that number clergy and nobility were excluded. Ethnicity can be (partially) determined through religion: Germans and Italians and Catholic Slavs were mostly of the same religion, and some Serbs were Roman Catholic as well. Only men were counted in that census. There were: 74,671 Roman Catholics, 68,390 Orthodox Christians, 1,744 Calvinists, 97 Lutherans and 160 Jews. Number of Orthodox Christians was higher in Syrmia: 32,090 Orthodox Christians and 12,633 Roman Catholics. In other two counties of Slavonia: Požega and Virovitica, as in city of Požega, Roman Catholics outnumbered Orthodox population.

See also

• Slavonia
• Banovina of Slavonia
• Croatia-Slavonia
• Slavonian Krajina
• Kingdom of Dalmatia
• Timeline of Croatian history

References

• Peter Rokai, Zoltan Đere, Tibor Pal, Aleksandar Kasaš, Istorija Mađara, Beograd, 2002.
• Mladen Lorković, Narod i zemlja Hrvata, reprint, Split, 2005.

External links

• Map
• Map