List of rulers of Bhutan
| King of Bhutan | |
|---|---|
| Monarchy | |
 Arms of His Highness the King of Bhutan |
|
.jpg) |
|
| Incumbent: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk 5th Dragon King |
|
|
|
|
| Style: | His Highness |
| First monarch: | Sir Ugyen Wangchuk |
| Formation: | 1907 |
|
|
|
| Bhutan |
This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Other countries · Atlas Politics portal |
Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government." Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་; Wylie: 'brug sde-srid; also called "Deb Raja");[nb 1] and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo (Dzongkha: རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་; Wylie: rje mkhan-po). Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Shabdrung (Dzongkha: ཞབས་དྲུང།; Wylie: zhabs-drung), a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Shabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlops (governors) often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified Wangchuck monarchy in 1907.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Druk Desis (1650–1905)
Below appears the list of Druk Desis throughout the existence of the office. Officeholders were initially appointed by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, though after his death the Je Khenpo and civil government decided appointments.
Italics indicate coregencies and caretaker governments, which are not traditionally separately numbered.
| Number | Name | Date of Birth | Reign start | Reign end | Date of Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tenzin Drukgye (བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་; bstan-'dzin 'brg-rgyas) |
1650 | 1655 | 1655 | |
| 2 | Langonpa Tenzin Drukdra (ལ་སྔོན་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་; la-sngon-pa bstan-'dzin 'brug-grags) |
1655 | 1667 | 1667 | |
| 3 | Chhogyel Minjur Tenpa | 1667 | 1680 | 1691 | |
| 4 | Gyalsay Tenzin Rabgye | 1638 | 1680 | 1694 | 1696 |
| 5 | Gedun Chomphel | 1695 | 1701 | 1701 | |
| 6 | Ngawang Tshering | 1701 | 1704 | ||
| 7 | Umze Peljor | 1704 | 1707 | ||
| 8 | Druk Rabgye | 1707 | 1719 | 1729 | |
| 9 | Ngawang Gyamtsho | 1719 | 1729 | 1729 | |
| 10 | Mipham Wangpo | 1729 | 1736 | ||
| 11 | Khuwo Peljor | 1736 | 1739 | ||
| 12 | Ngawang Gyaltshen | 1739 | 1744 | ||
| 13 | Sherab Wangchuck | 1744 | 1763 | ||
| 14 | Druk Phuntsho | 1763 | 1765 | ||
| 15 | Wangzob Druk Tenzin I | 1765 | 1768 | ||
| 16 | Sonam Lhundub[3][table 1] | 1768 | 1773 | 1773 | |
| 17 | Kunga Rinchen | 1773 | 1776 | ||
| 18 | Jigme Singye | 1742 | 1776 | 1788 | 1789 |
| 19 | Druk Tenzin | 1788 | 1792 | ||
| 20 | Umzey Chapchhab | 1792 | 1792 | 1792 | |
| 21 | Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel) | 1792 | 1799 | ||
| 22 | Druk Namgyel | 1799 | 1803 | ||
| 23 | Chhogyel Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel) (2nd reign) |
1803 | 1805 | ||
| 24 | Sangye Tenzin | 1805 | 1806 | ||
| 25 | Umzey Parob | 1806 | 1808 | ||
| 26 | Byop Chhyoda | 1807 | 1808 | ||
| 27 | Tulku Tsulthrim Daba | 1790 | 1809 | 1810 | 1820 |
| 28 | Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Dragpa) | 1810 | 1811 | ||
| 29 | Chholay Yeshey Gyaltshen | 1781 | 1811 | 1815 | 1830 |
| 30 | Tshaphu Dorji Namgyel | 1815 | 1815 | ||
| 31 | Sonam Drugyel | 1815 | 1819 | ||
| 32 | Gongzim Tenzin Drukda | 1819 | 1823 | ||
| 33 | Chhoki Gyaltshen | 1823 | 1831 | ||
| 34 | Dorji Namgyel | 1831 | 1832 | ||
| 35 | Adab Thinley | 1832 | 1835 | ||
| 36 | Chhoki Gyaltshen (2nd reign) |
1835 | 1838 | ||
| 37 | Dorji Norbu | 1838 | 1850 | ||
| 38 | Wangchuk Gyalpo | 1850 | 1850 | ||
| 39 | Zhabdrung Thutul (Jigme Norbu) (in Thimphu) |
1850 | 1852 | ||
| Chagpa Sangye (in Punakha) |
1851 | 1852 | |||
| 40 | Damchho Lhundrup | 1852 | 1854 | ||
| 41 | Jamtul Jamyang Tenzin | 1854 | 1856 | ||
| 42 | Kunga Palden (in Punakha) |
1856 | 1860 | ||
| Sherab Tharchin (in Thimphu) |
1856 | 1860 | |||
| 43 | Phuntsho Namgyel (Nazi Pasang) | 1860 | 1863 | ||
| 44 | Tshewang Sithub | 1863 | 1864 | ||
| Tsulthrim Yonten | 1864 | 1864 | |||
| 45 | Kagyud Wangchuk | 1864 | 1864 | ||
| 46 | Tshewang Sithub (2nd reign) |
1865 | 1867 | ||
| 47 | Tsondul Pekar | 1867 | 1870 | ||
| 48 | Jigme Namgyel | 1825 | 1870 | 1873 | 1881 |
| 49 | Kitshab Dorji Namgyel | 1873 | 1879 | ||
| Jigme Namgyel (2nd reign) |
1877 | 1878 | |||
| Kitsep Dorji Namgyel (2nd reign) |
1878 | 1879 | |||
| 50 | Chhogyel Zangpo | March 1879 | June 1880 | 1880 | |
| Jigme Namgyel (3rd reign) |
June 1880 | July 1881 | |||
| 51 | Lam Tshewang | 1836 | July 1881 | May 1883 | 1883 |
| 52 | Gawa Zangpo | May 1883 | August 1885 | ||
| 53 | Sangye Dorji | 1885 | 1901 | 1901 | |
| 54 | Choley Yeshe Ngodub | 1851 | 1903 | 1905 | 1917 |
Notes:
|
|||||
[edit] Kings of Bhutan (1907–present)
The Bhutanese monarchy was established in 1907, unifying the country under the control of the Wangchuk family, hereditary penlops (governors) of Trongsa district. The king of Bhutan, formally known as the Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), also occupies the office of Druk Desi under the dual system of government. Since the enactment of the Constitution of 2008, the Druk Gyalpo has remained head of state, while the Prime Minister of Bhutan acts as executive and head of government in a parliamentary democracy.[4]
| Image | Name | Date of birth | Monarch From (Coronation) |
Monarch Until | Date of death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Ugyen | 1862 | 17 December 1907 | 21 August 1926 | |
| Jigme | 1905 | 21 August 1926 (16 March 1927) |
24 March 1952 | ||
 |
Jigme Dorji | 2 May 1928 | 24 March 1952 | 21 July 1972 | |
| Jigme Singye | 11 November 1955 | 21 July 1972 (2 June 1974) |
14 December 2006 (abdicated) |
Alive | |
|
|
Jigme Khesar Namgyel | 21 February 1980 | 14 December 2006 (6 November 2008) |
Incumbent | Alive |
[edit] See also
- Druk Desi
- Dual system of government
- Druk Gyalpo
- House of Wangchuck
- Constitution of Bhutan
- History of Bhutan
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- ^ Worden, Robert L.; Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.) (1991). "Chapter 6 – Bhutan: Administrative Integration and Conflict with Tibet, 1651–1728". Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies (3rd ed.). Federal Research Division, United States Library of Congress. ISBN 0844407771. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/bttoc.html. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
- ^ Dorji, C. T. (1995). A Political & Religious History of Bhutan, 1651–1906. Delhi, India: Sangay Xam; Prominent Publishers. http://books.google.com/books?id=9mZuAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
- ^ Worden, Robert L.. "Civil Conflict, 1728–72". Bhutan: A country study (Savada, Andrea Matles, ed.). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (September 1991).
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - ^ "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 18 July 2008. http://www.constitution.bt/TsaThrim%20Eng%20(A5).pdf. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [edit] Further Reading
- Petech, Luciano (1972). The Rulers of Bhutan c. 1650–1750. Oriens Extremus. 19. Hamburg: Zeitschrift für Sprache, Kunst und Kultur der Länder des Fernen Ostens. pp. 203–213.
- Dorji, C. T. (1997). Blue annals of Bhutan. Vikas. http://books.google.com/books?id=_GKTAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- Truhart, Peter (1985). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states and their political representatives in past and present. Regents of Nations: Systematic Chronology of States and Their Political Representatives in Past and Present : a Biographical Reference Book, Peter Truhart. 2. Saur. pp. 1005 et seq. ISBN 3598104936. http://books.google.com/books?id=IXcHAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- Raha, Manis Kumar; Khan, Iar Ali (1993). Polity, political process, and social control in South Asia: the tribal and rural perspectives. Gyan. p. 78. ISBN 8121204135. http://books.google.com/books?id=i-6AAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- Dorji, C. T. (2004). Sources of Bhutanese history. Prominent Publishers. pp. 330 et seq. ISBN 8186239162. http://books.google.com/books?id=vO8KAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward (1910). India and Tibet: a history of the relations which have subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a particular account of the mission to Lhasa of 1904. J. Murray. http://books.google.com/books?id=tXxCAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
[edit] External links
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
