List of medieval Mongolian tribes and clans
The qualifier Mongol Tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later Genghis Khan) united the different tribes under his control and established the Mongol Empire. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list), which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending from Bodonchar. Besides the original Mongols, many of those clans and tribes were of Turkic, and some of Tungusic or other origin. The unification created a new common social identity as Mongols. Descendants of those clans form the Mongolian nation and other Inner Asian peoples.
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[edit] From the Secret History of the Mongols
Tribes and clans mentioned in the Secret History of the Mongols: [1]
[edit] Khamag Mongol confederation included Temüjin's clan
- Khori Tumed, the people that Alun Goa descends from
- Khurilar clan descended from Alun Goa's father Khurilardai Mergen
- Dorben (four), descendants of Duva sokhor (the blind) (N)
- Uriankhat, tribe of a man whom Dobun mergen (the wise) meets in the forest and who gives him a deer
- Ma'alikh baya'ut, clan of Dobun's servant (D)
- Jarchi'ut Adangkhan, Uriankhai clan that Alun Goa's five sons (Belgunotai, Bugunotai, Bukhu khatagi, Bukhatu salji, and Bodonchar, the Fool) subdue (D)
- Belgunot, descendants of Belgunotai
- Bugunot, descendants of Bugunotai
- Khatagin, descendants of Bukhu khatagi (N)
- Salji'ut, descendants of Bukhatu salji (N)
- Borjigin, descendants of Bodonchar
- Jadaran, descendants of Bodonchar's captive wife's first son, Jamukha's clan (N)
- Ba'arin, descandants of Bodonchar and his captive wife (N)
- Manan Ba'arin, descendants of Bodonchar's son with his captive wife
- Jaoret, descendants of Bodonchar's concubine
- Descendants of Bodonchar and his chosen wife:
- Noyakin (N)
- Barlas (several clans) (N)
- Buda'at (N)
- Adargin/Adarkin (N)
- Chinos, a tribe whose seventy princes are boiled to death by Jamukha. (N)
- To'oles
- Telenggut
- Uru'ut (N)
- Manghut (N)
- Taichi'ut (N)
- Suldus (D)
- 'Naked' Ba'arin
- Besut (N)
- Oronar
- Khongkhotan (D)
- Arulad
- Sünid
- Khabturkhas
- Geniges
- Yürki, descendants of Khabul Khan's oldest son
- Kiyat, Yesügei's subclan
- Jurkin
- Khadagin
- Mangkhol or Mangghal, the Mongols
[edit] Kerait tribe
The Kerait were a tribe of mixed Mongol and Turkic ancestry. However, names and titles of Kerait rulers imply that they primarily spoke a Turkic language.[2][3][4][5] They were partly influenced by Nestorianism.[3][6] Prominent Christian figures were Toghrul and Sorghaghtani Beki.
- Tumen Tubegun
- Dungkhait
- Ubchikh
- Jirgin
- Ongchijid
[edit] Tatar confederation
- Airi'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
- Buiri'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
- Juyin other Tatars, or maybe a military organization, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death
- Chakhan Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
- Alchi Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
- Duta'ut Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
- Alukhai Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar
[edit] Mergid confederation
The Mergids were a Mongol tribe who opposed the rise of Temüjin, and kidnapped his new wife Börte. They were defeated and absorbed into the Mongol nation early in the 13th century. The ethnicity of the Mergids is somewhat obscure; most likely they were Turkic or Mongolic (related to Mongols, Naimans, Keraits, and Khitan), but it has also been postulated that they are more closely related to Paleosiberian,[citation needed] such as the Chukchi, or to Tungusic peoples, such as the Manchu and the Evenks.
- Uduyid
- Uvas
- Khaad
[edit] Forest peoples
- Khoritumat
- Oirat
- Buriyat
- Barkhun
- Ursut
- Khabkhanas
- Khangkhas
- Uriankhai
- Tuvas
- Kirgis
- Kesdiyin
- Bayit
- Tukhas
- Tenlek
- To'eles
- Tas
- Bajigit
- Tumat, identical to Khori Tumat
- Barkhujin
[edit] Other peoples mentioned
- Naimans
- Guchugut
[edit] Other smaller groups mentioned
Groups whose affiliation is not really made clear: these groups may or may not be related to any of the tribes and clans mentioned above:
- Olkhuno'ut, the clan of Temüjin's mother (D)
- some clans whose members join Temüjin after the first victory over the Merkit and the separation from Jamukha:
- Jalair'
- Tarkhut
- Bishi'ut
- Baya'ut
- Khinggiadai (D), Khinggit, subclan of Olhunoud
- Gorlos (D), subclan of Olhunoud
- Ikires
- Sakhait
- Arulat (D)
- Oronar
- some clans that take part in Sangums conspiracy:
- Khardakit
- Ebugedjin
- Kharta'at (N?)
- Khorulas, clan that joins Chinggis at the Baljun lake
- Tokhura'ut
- Negus, clan whose chief is killed together with the 70 Chinos princes
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Erich Haenisch, Die geheime Geschichte der Mongolen, Leipzig 1948
- ^ The Mongol Century, Department of Asian Pacific Studies, San Diego State University
- ^ a b R. Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1970, p191.
- ^ Kereys, Files about origins of Kirgiz-Kaisak(Kazak) people, Muhamedzhan Tynyshbaev
- ^ Kereys, Genealogy of türks, kirgizes, kazakhs and ruling dynasties, Shakarim Qudayberdy-uly
- ^ Moffett, A History of Christianity in Asia pp. 400-401.
