Komsomolsk-on-Amur
| Komsomolsk-on-Amur (English) Комсомольск-на-Амуре (Russian) |
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 View of Komsomolsk-on-Amur |
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.svg) Location of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia |
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 Komsomolsk-on-Amur
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| Administrative status (as of September 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Khabarovsk Krai[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure[1] |
| Administrative center of | city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure,[2] Komsomolsky District[3] |
| Municipal status (as of June 2004) | |
| Urban okrug | Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug[4] |
| Administrative center of | Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug,[4] Komsomolsky Municipal District[5] |
| Head[citation needed] | Vladimir Mikhalyov[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 263,906 inhabitants[6] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 70th |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+11:00)[7] |
| Founded | 1932[citation needed] |
| City status since | 1933[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s) | 6810xx[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4217[citation needed] |
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Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, tr. Komsomolsk-na-Amure; IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nə ɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, 356 kilometers (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: 263,906 (2010 Census);[6] 281,035 (2002 Census);[8] 315,325 (1989 Census).[9]
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Geography [edit]
The city and its suburbs stretch for over 30 kilometers (19 mi) along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) wide.
The distance to Khabarovsk—the administrative center of the krai—is 356 kilometers (221 mi); to the Pacific Ocean—about 300 kilometers (190 mi). The nearest other major town is Amursk, about 45 kilometers (28 mi) south.
It is about 3,900 miles (6,300 km) east of Moscow, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway.
History [edit]
The future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of Mongol Empire under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun ceded the area to the Russian Empire.
The village of Permskoye (Пе́рмское) was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now Perm Krai.
The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyards on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932.[citation needed] The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the Communist youth organization Komsomol, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of slave labour from the prison camps situated in the area.[10] The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.[citation needed]
By the end of the 1930s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as metallurgy, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding.
Administrative and municipal status [edit]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the administrative center of Komsomolsky District,[3] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure is incorporated as Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug.[4]
Climate [edit]
Temperatures in the area of the city can range up to +50 °C (90 °F) over the course of the year, with a daily average of −21.5 °C (−6.7 °F) in January, compared to +18.7 °C (65.7 °F) in July.
| Climate data for Komsomolsk-on-Amur | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −17.1 (1.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.8 (73) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
15.0 (59) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
11.1 (52) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −25.7 (−14.3) |
−23.6 (−10.5) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
−1.1 (30) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.57) |
29 (1.14) |
40 (1.57) |
53 (2.09) |
73 (2.87) |
75 (2.95) |
105 (4.13) |
120 (4.72) |
84 (3.31) |
72 (2.83) |
59 (2.32) |
42 (1.65) |
792 (31.18) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 14 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 15 | 169 |
| Avg. rainy days | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 87 |
| Avg. snowy days | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 15 | 15 | 91 |
| Source #1: Khabarovsk-meteo.ru[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Weatherbase [12] | |||||||||||||
Economy and infrastructure [edit]
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the Russian Far East.[13] It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.[14]
The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory.[15] It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes.[16] The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.[15]
Also based in the city is Amur Shipbuilding Plant, an important producer of ships and submarines.[17]
Two air bases are located near the city, Khurba to the south and Dzemgi to the north.
The city is an important rail junction, situated at the end of a branch line from Khabarovsk to the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
The city is served by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport
The first sortie of the Sukhoi PAK FA T-50 Prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory.[18]
International relations [edit]
Twin towns and sister cities [edit]
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with:[19]
References [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ a b c d e Resolution #143-pr
- ^ Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 08 409», в ред. изменения №193/2012 от 1 января 2013 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 08 409, as amended by the Amendment #193/2012 of January 1, 2013. ).
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 08 220», в ред. изменения №193/2012 от 1 января 2013 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 08 220, as amended by the Amendment #193/2012 of January 1, 2013. ).
- ^ a b c Law #192
- ^ Law #264
- ^ a b "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Aleksander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956, 592-593
- ^ "Khabarovsk-meteo.ru". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia". Weatherbase. 2012. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
- ^ Komsomolsk-on-Amur сity
- ^ Komsomolsk-on-Amur Regional Overview
- ^ a b Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Manufacturing Association
- ^ JSC “Komsomolsk-on Amur Aircraft Production Association named after Yu.Gagarin”
- ^ Crew member 'tampered with temperature sensor on Nerpa sub'
- ^ Sukhoi T-50 Prototype Flies For The First Time In 40 Minute Sortie
- ^ Комсомольск-на-Амуре стал лидером по освоению инновационных технологий и производству наукоемкой продукции
Sources [edit]
- Правительство Хабаровского края. Постановление №143-пр от 18 июля 2007 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края», в ред. Постановления №84-пр от 12 апреля 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Хабаровского края, утверждённый Постановлением Правительства Хабаровского края от 18 июля 2007 г. №143-пр». Вступил в силу 13 августа 2007 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства Хабаровского края", №7(60), 12 августа 2007 г. (Government of Khabarovsk Krai. Resolution #143-pr of July 18, 2007 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Resolution #84-pr of April 12, 2013 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Khabarovsk Krai, Adopted by the Resolution #143-pr of the Government of Khabarovsk Krai of July 18, 2007. Effective as of August 13, 2007.).
- Законодательная Дума Хабаровского края. Закон №192 от 30 июня 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования города Комсомольска-на-Амуре статусом городского округа и об установлении его границы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Приамурские ведомости", №№136–137, 29 июля 2004 г. (Legislative Duma of Khabarovsk Krai. Law #192 of June 30, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Komsomolsk-on-Amur and on Establishing Its Border. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательная Дума Хабаровского края. Закон №264 от 14 марта 2005 г «Об административных центрах сельских поселений и муниципальных районов Хабаровского края», в ред. Закона №239 от 28 ноября 2012 г. «О преобразовании городского населённого пункта рабочий посёлок Тырма, находящегося на территории Верхнебуреинского района Хабаровского края, путём изменения его статуса в сельский населённый пункт — посёлок Тырма и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Хабаровского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Приамурские ведомости", №57, 1 апреля 2005 г. (Legislative Duma of Khabarovsk Krai. Law #264 of March 14, 2005 On the Administrative Centers of the Rural Settlements and the Municipal Districts of Khabarovsk Krai, as amended by the Law #239 of November 28, 2012 On the Transformation of the Urban Locality the Work Settlement of Tyrma, Located on the Territory of Verkhnebureinsky District of Khabarovsk Krai, by Changing Its Status to That of a Rural Locality—the Settlement of Tyrma, and on Amending Various Laws of Khabarovsk Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links [edit]
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