Kontsevich system
The Kontsevich system (Russian: Система Концевича/Sistema Kontsevicha) for the Cyrillization of the Korean language was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch (Russian: Лев Концевич) on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Holodovich (Russian: Александр Холодович). It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in 한자 (漢字) is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Hanchcha).
[edit] Consonants
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic |
RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | К- / -г- / -к | K / -g- / -k | g / k |
| ㄴ | Н | N | n |
| ㄷ | Т- / -д- / -т | T / -d- / -t | d / t |
| ㄹ | -Р- / -ЛЬ | R / -l' | r / l |
| ㅁ | М | M | m |
| ㅂ | П- / -б- / -п | P / -b- / p | b / p |
| ㅅ | С / -т | S / -t | s |
| ㅇ | -Н (-нъ) | -n (-n') | ng |
| ㅈ | Ч / -дж- / -т | Ch / -dzh - t | j |
| ㅊ | ЧХ / -т | Chh / -t | ch |
| ㅋ | КХ / -к | Kh / -k | k |
| ㅌ | ТХ / -т | Th / -t | t |
| ㅍ | ПХ / -п | Ph / -p | p |
| ㅎ | Х | H | h |
| ㄲ | КК | Kk | kk |
| ㄸ | ТТ | Tt | tt |
| ㅃ | ПП | Pp | pp |
| ㅆ | СС / -т | SS / -t | ss |
| ㅉ | ЧЧ | Chch | jj |
Comments:
- The jamo ㅇ has no transcription in the initial position
- Basic transcription correspondences are indicated in capital letters
- Transcriptions in initial position are indicated preceding a single hyphen.
- Transcriptions in medial position (between vowels or after the resonant consonants М, Н, НЪ, ЛЬ, and Р) are indicated between two hyphens.
- Transcriptions in final position are indicated following a single hyphen.
[edit] Vowels
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic |
RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | А | A | a |
| ㅑ | Я | Ya | ya |
| ㅓ | О | O | eo |
| ㅕ | Ё | Yo | yeo |
| ㅗ | О | O | o |
| ㅛ | Ё | Yo | yo |
| ㅜ | У | U | u |
| ㅠ | Ю | Yu | yu |
| ㅡ | Ы | Y | eu |
| ㅣ | И | I | i |
| ㅐ | Э | è | ae |
| ㅒ | ЙЯ | Yya | yae |
| ㅔ | Е / е | E / e | e |
| ㅖ | ЙЕ / -е- | Yye / -e- | ye |
| ㅚ | ВЕ | Ve | oe |
| ㅟ | ВИ | Vi | wi |
| ㅢ | ЫЙ / -и- | Yi / -i- | ui |
| ㅘ | ВА | Va | wa |
| ㅝ | ВО | Vo | wo |
| ㅙ | ВЭ | Vè | wae |
| ㅞ | ВЕ | Ve | we |
[edit] Transcription of medial consonants
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
| End of first syllable | Н (N) | НЪ (N') | М (M) | ЛЬ (L') | К (K) | П (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of second syllable | ||||||
| К (K) | НГ (NG) | НГ (NG) | МГ (MG) | ЛЬГ (L'G) | КК (KK) | ПК (PK) |
| Н (N) | НГ (NG) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| Т (T) | НД (ND) | НД (ND) | МД (MD) | ЛЬТТ (L'Tt) | КТ (KT) | ПТ (PT) |
| ЛЬ (L') | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| М (M) | НМ (NM) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) | ЛЬМ (L'M) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) |
| П (P) | НБ (NB) | НБ (NB) | МБ | ЛЬБ (L'B) | КП (KP) | ПП (PP) |
| С (S) | НС (NS) | НС (NS) | МС (MS) | ЛЬСС (L'Ss) | КС (KS) | ПС (PS) |
| Ч (Ch) | НДЖ (NDZh) | НДЖ (NDZh) | МДЖ (MDZh) | ЛЬЧЧ (L'Cch) | КЧ (KCh) | ПЧ (PCh) |
| ЧХ (Chh) | НЧХ (NChh) | НЧХ (NChh) | МЧХ (MChh) | ЛЬЧХ (L'Chh) | КЧХ (KChh) | ПЧХ (PChh) |
| ПХ (Ph) | НПХ (NPh) | НПХ (NPh) | МПХ (MPh) | ЛЬПХ (L'Ph) | КПХ (KPh) | ППХ (PPh) |
| ТХ (Th) | НТХ (NTh) | НТХ (NTh) | МТХ (MTh) | ЛЬТХ (L'Th) | КТХ (KTh) | ПТХ (PTh) |
| Х (H) | НХ (NH) | НХ (NH) | МХ (MH) | РХ (PH) | КХ (KH) | ПХ (PH) |
[edit] Examples
| English | Hangul (Hanja) | RR (RR transliteration in parentheses) |
Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in parentheses) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “wall” | 벽(壁) | byeok (byeog) |
пёк (pyok) |
| “on the wall” | 벽에 | byeoge (byeog-e) |
пёге (pyoge) |
| “outside” (uninflected) |
밖 | bak (bakk) |
пак (pak) |
| “outside” | 밖에 | bakke (bakk-e) |
пакке (pakke) |
| “kitchen” | 부엌 | bueok (bueok) |
пуок (puok) |
| “to the kitchen” | 부엌에 | bueoke (bueok-e) |
пуокхе (puokhe) |
| “Wikipedia” | 위키백과(百科) | wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa) |
викхибэкква (vikhibekkva) |
| “Hangul” | 한글 | hangeul or han-geul (han-geul) |
хангыль (hangyl') |
| “Hanja” | 한자 (漢字) | hancha or han-cha (han-ja) |
ханчча (hanchcha) |
| “character, letter” | 글자( - 字) | geulja (geul-ja) |
кыльчча (kyl'chcha) |
| “(an) easy” (+ noun) | 쉬운… | swiun… (swiun…) |
свиун… (sviun…) |
| “Four seasons are distinct.” | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | Sagyejeori tturyeotada. (Sa-gye-jeol-i ttu-lyeoshada.) |
Сагеджори ттурётхада. (Sagedzhori tturyothada) |
| “Just check the line colour and width you want.” | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | Wonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gukgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Won-ha-si-neun seon saegkkal-gwa gulg-gie che-keu-ha-si-myeon doebni-da.) |
Вонхасинын сон сэкккальгва куккие чхекхыхасимён твемнида. (Vonhasinyn son se`kkal'gva kukkie chhekhyhasimyon tvemnida.) |
[edit] Notes
[edit] External links
- (Russian) Degrees of Courtesy and Communication Styles in the Korean Language, by K. B. Kurotchenkо.
- (Russian) Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies.
- (Russian) Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.
- Automatic transcription of Korean based on the Kontsevich system
