Kostroma Oblast
| Kostroma Oblast | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Костромская область (Russian) | |||
| — Oblast — | |||
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| Coordinates: 58°33′N 43°41′E / 58.550°N 43.683°ECoordinates: 58°33′N 43°41′E / 58.550°N 43.683°E | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Central[1] | ||
| Economic region | Central[2] | ||
| Established | August 13, 1944[3] | ||
| Administrative center | Kostroma | ||
| Government (as of August 2010) | |||
| - Governor[4] | Sergey Sitnikov[5] | ||
| - Legislature | Oblast Duma[6] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7] | |||
| - Total | 60,100 km2 (23,204.7 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 47th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[8] | |||
| - Total | 667,562 | ||
| - Rank | 67th | ||
| - Density[9] | 11.11 /km2 (28.8 /sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 69.9% | ||
| - Rural | 30.1% | ||
| Time zone(s) | MSK (UTC+04:00)[10] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-KOS | ||
| License plates | 44 | ||
| Official languages | Russian[11] | ||
| Official website | |||
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, Kostromskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma. Population: 667,562 (2010 Census).[8]
Major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev. Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. The oblast was detached from Yaroslavl Oblast in 1944.
The Governor of the oblast was Viktor Shershunov from 1997 until his death in a car crash on September 20, 2007. From 2007 the Governor was Igor Slyunyayev. As of 2012, Sergey Sitnikov is the Governor.
Contents |
History[edit]
From c. 300 CE the whole current area of Kostroma with exception the area east of River Unzha was part of historical Finno-Ugric peoples' lands, like the Merya people and their loose tribal confederation. There were at least 109 Merya settlements located in the area of which the most important below mentioned trading centers and important hill fortresses were later recorded by the Russians as the Russians founded towns in the late 9th to 12th centuries.
The oblast was formed on August 13, 1944.
Geography[edit]
Kostroma Oblast borders Vologda Oblast (N), Kirov Oblast (E), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (S), Ivanovo Oblast (W), and Yaroslavl Oblast (NW). The main rivers are the Volga and the Kostroma. Much of the area is covered by woods, making it one of the principal timber producing regions in Europe.
Politics[edit]
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kostroma CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Kostroma Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Kostroma Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Administrative divisions[edit]
Economy[edit]
The main industrial sectors include the fuel, chemical and petrochemical, forest, woodworking (lumber, plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, and furniture), pulp and paper, food (alcoholic beverages and starch), light (linen, hemp, and jute fabrics; clothing, shoes, and knitted goods), building material, power and engineering excavators, machine tools, and equipment for the textile, chemical, food, and woodworking industries.[12]
The jewelry trade began developing in Kostroma in the 19th century. Engraving, silver niello (silver with black engraving), and ornaments with colored glass and enamel insets are some examples of the art. The largest center of the jewelry industry is the village of Krasnoe-on-Volga.
Agriculture[edit]
Agriculture is one of Kostroma Oblast's most important sectors. Rye, wheat, barley, and oats are grown here, and beekeeping and plant cultivation are expanding. Traditional flax cultivation and processing is reviving. However, agriculture in the region is mainly oriented towards livestock farming, e.g., beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. Agricultural land occupies 940,000 hectares in the Oblast, including 26,400 hectares allotted to individual farms and 551,000 hectares of cropland.[12]
Transport[edit]
Oblast is bound to other Russian regions by roads, railroads (6–7 hours from Moscow) and air routes. Kostroma Airport serves to let people fly regularly inside Oblast and unregularly to Moscow.
Demographics[edit]
Population: 667,562 (2010 Census);[8] 736,641 (2002 Census);[13] 809,882 (1989 Census).[14]
- 2012
- Births: 8 484 (12.8 per 1000)
- Deaths: 10 583 (16.0 per 1000) [15]
- Total fertility rate:
2009 - 1.65 | 2010 - 1.65 | 2011 - 1.71 |[16] 2012 - 1.82(e)
Ethnic composition (2010):[8]
- Russians - 96.6%
- Ukrainians - 0.9%
- Others - 2.5%
- 23,194 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[17]
Religion[edit]
According to a 2012 official survey[18] 53.8% of the population of Kostroma Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches, and 1% of the population adheres to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism). In addition, 25% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 9% is atheist, and 5.2% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[18]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Charter, Article 6.1
- ^ Charter, Article 8.2
- ^ Official website of the Administration of Kostroma Oblast. Governor (Russian)
- ^ Charter, Article 8.1.1
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ a b c d "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ a b Kostroma Region
- ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
- ^ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
- ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
- ^ a b c Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
Sources[edit]
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №300-4-ЗКО от 24 апреля 2008 г. «Устав Костромской области», в ред. Закона №464-4-ЗКО от 13 апреля 2009 г. «О внесении поправок в Устав Костромской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней после дня официального публикования. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №66 (1314), 30 апреля 2008 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #300-4-ZKO of April 24, 2008 Charter of Kostroma Oblast, as amended by the Law #464-4-ZKO of April 13, 2009 On Amending the Charter of Kostroma Oblast. Effective as of the date ten days after the official publication date.).
External links[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kostroma Oblast |
- Kostroma regional Internet magazine (Russian)
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