Kubuntu

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Kubuntu
Kubuntu logo
UbuntuNattyKDE.png
Kubuntu 11.04 "Natty Narwhal"
Company / developer Canonical Ltd. and community contributors
OS family Unix-like (variant of Ubuntu)
Working state Current
Source model Free and open source software
Initial release 8 April 2005
Latest stable release 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)[1] / October 13, 2011; 4 months ago (2011-10-13)
Latest unstable release 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) Alpha 2[2] / February 2, 2012; 25 days ago (2012-02-02)
Available language(s) Multilingual (more than 55)
Update method PackageKit and/or APT
Package manager dpkg (Debian GNU/Linux Package Manager)
Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, lpia, SPARC, PowerPC, ARM, IA-64
Kernel type Monolithic (Linux kernel)
Userland GNU
Default user interface KDE Plasma Desktop
License Various, primarily the GNU GPL and GFDL
Official website www.kubuntu.org

Kubuntu (play /kuːˈbuːntuː/ koo-boon-too) is an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system using the KDE Plasma Desktop instead of the Unity graphical environment. However, Canonical will end the pay support for Kubuntu after the 12.04 version. It is part of the Ubuntu project and uses the same underlying system. It is possible to install both the KDE Plasma Desktop (kubuntu-desktop) as well as the Unity desktop (ubuntu-desktop) on the same machine. Every package in Kubuntu shares the same repositories as Ubuntu.[3] It is released regularly on the same schedule as Ubuntu.[4]

Contents

[edit] Name

"Kubuntu" means "towards humanity" in Bemba, and is derived from ubuntu ("humanity"). The K at the beginning represents the KDE community on whose platform Kubuntu is built. By coincidence, Kubuntu also means "free" in Kirundi.[5]

[edit] Comparison with Ubuntu

Ubuntu and Kubuntu differ typically in only the graphical applications and tools.

Software Ubuntu Kubuntu
Kernel & Core Linux Kernel & Ubuntu Core same
Graphics X.Org Server same
Sound PulseAudio same
Multimedia GStreamer same
Desktop Unity Plasma Desktop
Primary Toolkit GTK+, Nux & Qt Qt
Browser Firefox Rekonq
Office LibreOffice same
Email & PIM Thunderbird Kontact

Kubuntu's Plasma Desktop is fully customizable—much more so than a GNOME or Unity desktop—without extra tools or configuration file editing. Originally designed to ease transition for users from other operating systems (such as Microsoft Windows) by allowing a similar desktop layout, the KDE Plasma Desktop incorporates widget-centric modularity that allows the user to incorporate function similar to all other operating systems and also create new functionality not found in other operating system desktops. Desktop effects are integrated in the standard KDE SC 4 installation, and enabled by default if supported.

It is worth noting that because Ubuntu and Kubuntu use the same sources, any application intended for one is installable and runnable on the other. Consequently, it is very common to see situations such as Firefox running on Kubuntu, or K3b running on Ubuntu.

[edit] Gallery

  • Kubuntu 8.04

  • Kubuntu 8.10

  • Kubuntu 9.04

  • Kubuntu 9.04 showing some of its Desktop Effects

  • Kubuntu 10.04 Netbook Edition

  • Kubuntu 10.10 Desktop

[edit] History

Mark Shuttleworth, in an interview shortly after Ubuntu (which uses the Unity desktop environment) was started, stated:

I believe that the KDE community does phenomenal work, and having a community-driven distribution to showcase that work will help attract users and developers to the project. Our overall goal in the Ubuntu project is to further the adoption of free software on the desktop and the server, and we recognise that KDE is an essential part of the mix of desktop environments that allows people to find the best environment for their needs.

The Kubuntu team released the first edition, Hoary Hedgehog, on April 8, 2005.

[edit] Releases

Colour Meaning
Red Release no longer supported
Yellow Release still supported
Green Current release
Blue Future release

Kubuntu follows the same naming/versioning system as Ubuntu, with each release having a code name and a version number (based on the year and month of release). Canonical provides support and security updates for most Kubuntu versions for 18 months after release.[6] Both a Desktop version and an Alternative (installation) version (for both x86 and AMD64 platforms) are available. Kubuntu CDs were also available through the Shipit service(discontinued as of April 2011). Recent Kubuntu releases use KDE SC 4. An older KDE 3.5 edition, (as used in the Long Term Support version Hardy Heron) is also available (although currently unsupported).

Version Release date Code name Supported until Notes
5.04 2005-04-08[7] Hoary Hedgehog 2006-10-31 Initial release including KDE 3.4 and a selection of the most useful KDE programs. Some of these are not in the official KDE itself, including Amarok, Kaffeine, Gwenview, and K3b. Inclusion of update-manager/upgrade-notifier; Kickstart compatibility.
5.10 2005-10-13[8][9] Breezy Badger 2007-04-13 KDE 3.4.3 and the Guidance configuration tools. It also comes with the Adept Package Manager, the first to make use of debtags for easier searching (replacing the Kynaptic package manager used in the previous release); System Settings, a re-organised kcontrol-like centre and KDE Bluetooth; Graphical boot process with progress bar (USplash); OEM Installer Support; Launchpad tracking; GCC 4.0.
6.06 LTS 2006-06-01[10][11] Dapper Drake 2009-06 Long Term Support (LTS) release; Live CD and Installer on one disc; Ubiquity installer; Adept Notifier and Simplified Installer; X Display Configuration from Guidance; Better Asian language support; Avahi networking software.
6.10 2006-10-26[12][13] Edgy Eft 2008-04 KDE 3.5.5. This release adds the photo management application Digikam and accessibility profiles – benefiting people with disabilities. System Settings is also redesigned, and power management, laptop button support & networking are improved. Also features automated problem reports and Upstart.[14]
7.04 2007-04-19[15] Feisty Fawn 2008-10 KDE 3.5.6; Migration assistant; KVM; Easy codec/restricted drivers installation; System Settings restructured into General and Advanced categories; Improved Hewlett-Packard printer management; KNetworkManager included; WPA support; Topic-based help system; OEM installer update; PowerPC support officially dropped.
7.10 2007-10-18[16][17] Gutsy Gibbon 2009-04-18 New background art. Ships with Strigi and Dolphin by default. Qt port of GDebi graphical installer for package files. Includes Restricted Drivers Manager for the first time.[18] New kubuntu-restricted-extras package is available for download from the repositories.
8.04  2008-04-24[19] Hardy Heron 2009-10[20] It has two versions: KDE 3.5 and KDE 4.0 (With community support only). This version intends to provide feature parity with GNOME-based Ubuntu.[21] This includes a port of system-config-printer to Qt to enable printer auto-detection, easy video codec installation in Kaffeine, a simple Compiz setup tool and inclusion of Bulletproof X in KDM,[22][23] and automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor when running on a VMware virtual machine.
8.10 2008-10-30 Intrepid Ibex[24] 2010-04-30[25] KDE 4.1.2 desktop environment by default, Linux 2.6.27, Xserver 1.5, Adept Manager 3, KNetworkManager 0.7, KWin desktop effects by default, various Kubuntu tool integration.
9.04 2009-04-23 Jaunty Jackalope 2010-10 KDE 4.2.2 desktop environment by default, Kernel 2.6.28, Xserver 1.6, Adept superseded by KPackageKit,[26] implementation of the ext4 filesystem, faster boot time.,[27] Community Supported PowerPC images added [28]
9.10 2009-10-29 Karmic Koala 2011-04-28 KDE 4.3.2 desktop environment by default, GRUB 2, init system moved to Upstart, Kernel 2.6.31
10.04 LTS 2010-04-29 Lucid Lynx 2013-04 Long Term Support (LTS) release. Security updates will be available for three years for desktops and five years for servers. KDE 4.4.2 desktop environment by default, Kernel 2.6.32, KPackageKit 0.5.4, Firefox KDE integration, touchpad configuration module by default.
10.10 2010-10-10 Maverick Meerkat 2012-04 KDE Software Compilation 4.5. Faster login. Default browser changed to Rekonq. New bluetooth stack. Pulseaudio inclusion. Updated Kpackagekit with categories. Global menu for netbook. Updated Installer. Combining of the Desktop and Netbook Editions (autodetection).
11.04 2011-04-28 Natty Narwhal 2012-10 KDE SC 4.6, Kernel 2.6.38, GStreamer multimedia backend for Phonon, GTK Oxygen theme, games in the default install, UDisks and UPower replace HAL.
11.10 2011-10-13 Oneiric Ocelot 2013-04 KDE SC 4.7, Kernel 3.0.3, replacing kpackagekit with Muon Software Centre, kubuntu low fat setting, OpenGL ES Powered Desktop Effects, Kdepim 4.7.2[29][30]
12.04 2012-04 Precise Pangolin 2017-04 The second Kubuntu LTS release.

[edit] System requirements

The desktop version of Kubuntu currently supports the Intel x86 and the AMD64 architectures. Some releases support other architectures: SPARC,[31] PowerPC,[32][33] IA-64 (Itanium), and PlayStation 3 (however, a firmware update from Sony in April 2010 disabled OtherOS, making the PS3 unable to run other operating systems). Because Kubuntu is Ubuntu with a KDE desktop, any version available in Ubuntu is also available for Kubuntu.

The minimum system requirements for a desktop installation are a 300 MHz x86 processor, 512 MB of RAM, 5 GB of hard drive space,[34] and a video card which supports VGA at 640x480 resolution. The recommended system requirements for the desktop installation are a 1 GHz or better x86 processor, 1 GB of RAM, 15 GB of hard drive space,[35] and a video card which supports VGA at 1024×768 resolution, and optionally supporting visual effects.

Desktop & laptop[34]
Required Recommended
Processor 1 GHz (x86) Better than 1 GHz (x86)
Memory 384 MB 1 GB
Hard drive capacity 4 GB[35] 10 GB[35]
Video card VGA @ 640x480 VGA @ 1024x768

*Note: If "Desktop effects" are desired, a supported GPU is required.

[edit] Reception

The French Parliament announced in 2006 that they would switch over 1,000 workstations to Kubuntu by June 2007.[36][37]

Kubuntu is now used in all of the 1100 state-run schools in the Canary Islands.[38][39]

[edit] Notes

Portal icon Free software portal
  1. ^ Kubuntu 11.10 announcement
  2. ^ "Precise Pangolin Alpha 2 Released!". ubuntu-devel-announce mailing list. 2012-02-02. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2012-February/000932.html. Retrieved 2012-02-06. 
  3. ^ "Is Kubuntu a fork?". Archived from the original on 2008-03-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php#fork. 
  4. ^ Kubuntu Wiki
  5. ^ "Meaning of Kubuntu". Archived from the original on 2008-03-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php#kubuntumeaning. 
  6. ^ "Ubuntu Releases FAQ". http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/releases/. Retrieved 2006-12-21. [dead link]
  7. ^ "5.04 Release Notes". 2005-04-08. http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/504. Retrieved 2007-04-14. 
  8. ^ "Ubuntu 5.10 announcement". https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-October/000038.html. Retrieved 2006-10-11. 
  9. ^ "Ubuntu 5.10 release notes". http://www.ubuntu.com/download/releasenotes/510. Retrieved 2006-12-21. 
  10. ^ "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS announcement". http://www.ubuntu.com/news/606released. Retrieved 2006-12-21. 
  11. ^ "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS release notes". http://www.ubuntu.com/download/releasenotes/606. Retrieved 2006-12-21. 
  12. ^ "Ubuntu 6.10 announcement". http://www.ubuntu.com/news/610released. Retrieved 2006-10-26. 
  13. ^ "Ubuntu 6.10 release notes". http://www.ubuntu.com/download/releasenotes/610. Retrieved 2006-12-21. 
  14. ^ "Kubuntu 6.10 release announcement". http://kubuntu.org/announcements/6.10-release.php. Retrieved 2007-03-30. 
  15. ^ "Ubuntu 7.04 announcement". https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FeistyFawn. Retrieved 2007-02-06. 
  16. ^ "GutsyReleaseSchedule – Ubuntu Wiki". https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GutsyReleaseSchedule. Retrieved 2007-04-12. 
  17. ^ "Introducing the Gutsy Gibbon". 2007-04-12. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2007-April/000276.html. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
  18. ^ "Kubuntu 7.10 Release Notes". http://kubuntu.org/announcements/7.10-release.php. Retrieved 2007-11-01. 
  19. ^ "HardyReleaseSchedule". https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardyReleaseSchedule. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  20. ^ Because of the switch from KDE 3 to KDE 4 Kubuntu Hardy is not a long term support (LTS) release, unlike Ubuntu Hardy: [1].
  21. ^ Kubuntu Hardy Catchup – Ubuntu Wiki
  22. ^ Back from Release Event, Printer Magic, Compiz Settings
  23. ^ UDS
  24. ^ "Next Ubuntu release to be called Intrepid Ibex, due in October". http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080220-next-ubuntu-release-to-be-called-intrepid-ibex.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
  25. ^ "Ubuntu 8.10 reaches end-of-life on April 30, 2010"
  26. ^ http://web.mornfall.net/blog/farewell__44___adept.html
  27. ^ "JauntyJackalope/Alpha5/Kubuntu Introduction". https://wiki.kubuntu.org/JauntyJackalope/Alpha5/Kubuntu. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  28. ^ Kubuntu 9.04 Release Announcement
  29. ^ http://apachelog.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/kubuntu-11-10-sneak-peak/
  30. ^ https://wiki.kubuntu.org/OneiricOcelot/ReleaseNotes?action=show&redirect=OneiricOcelot%2FTechnicalOverview#Kubuntu
  31. ^ "Kubuntu 8.04 Releases". http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/ports/releases/8.04.1/release/. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  32. ^ "Technical Board Decision – February 2007". https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
  33. ^ "Kubuntu 8.04 Releases". http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/ports/releases/8.04.1/release/. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  34. ^ a b "Ubuntu System Requirements". https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements. Retrieved 2010-09-30. 
  35. ^ a b c "Ubuntu Desktop Edition". http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/desktopedition. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
  36. ^ "The French Parliament switches to Kubuntu"
  37. ^ "French parliament dumping Windows for Linux"
  38. ^ "Kubuntu in the Canary Islands"
  39. ^ "Kubuntu Takes Over the Canary Islands"

[edit] References

[edit] External links

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