Kukersite
Kukersite is a marine type oil shale of Ordovician age, found in the Baltic Oil Shale Basin in Estonia and North-West Russia. It was named after Kukruse settlement in Estonia in 1917 by Russian paleontologist Mikhail Zalessky.[1] The kukersite deposit in Estonia is one of the world’s highest-grade oil shale deposits with more than 40 % organic content and 66 % conversion ratio into shale oil and gas. Oil yields of kukersite are 30 to 47 % of the shale by weight. Most of the kerogen is derived from the fossil green alga, Gloeocapsomorpha prisca, which has affinities to the modern cyanobacterium, Entophysalis major, an extant species that forms algal mats in intertidal to very shallow subtidal waters.[2]
Kukersite in Estonia occurs as an often calcareous layer of 2.5-3 metres thickness. Along the coast the Kukersite lies near the surface and dips to the south, so that the deposits is found at depths from 7 to 100 m.[3]
Matrix minerals dominantly include low-magnesium calcite, dolomite, and siliciclastic minerals. They are not enriched in heavy metals.[4]
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[edit] References
- ^ Lille, Ü (2003). "Current knowledge on the origin and structure of Estonian kukersite kerogen" (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers) 20 (3): 253–263. ISSN 0208-189X. http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/3_lille_2003_3.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
- ^ Bauert, Heikki (1994). "The Baltic oil shale basin—An overview". Proceedings 1993 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium (University of Kentucky Institute for Mining and Minerals Research): 411–421.
- ^ Altun, N. E.; Hiçyilmaz, C.; Hwang, J.-Y.; Suat Bağci, A.; Kök, M. V. (2006). "Oil Shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review" (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal (Estonian Academy Publishers) 23 (3): 211–227. ISSN 0208-189X. http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/oil-2006-3-2.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
- ^ Dyni, John R. (2006) (PDF). Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits. Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5294/pdf/sir5294_508.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
