Kumyk (Qumuq tili, Qumuqça or Qumuq (alternative spelling: Kumuk tili, Kumukça)) (Къумукъ тили) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 365,000 speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.
Yırçı Qazaq (born 1839) is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature. Kumyk was written using Arabic script until 1928, Latin script from 1928–1938, and Cyrillic script since then.
The first regular newspapers and magazines appeared in 1917-18. Currently, the newspaper Ёлдаш (Yoldash, Companion), the successor of the Soviet-era Ленин ёлу (Lenin yolu, Lenin's Path), prints around 5,000 copies 3 times a week.
It has been strongly influenced by Azeri and Dargwa[citation needed], as well as by Russian during last century.
[edit] Orthography
[edit] Latin based alphabet (1927–1937)
Kumyk alphabet from newly introduced Latin school book (1935).
| A a |
B в |
C c |
Ç ç |
D d |
E e |
F f |
G g |
| Ƣ ƣ |
H h |
I i |
J j |
K k |
L l |
M m |
N n |
| Ŋ ŋ |
O o |
Ɵ ɵ |
P p |
Q q |
R r |
S s |
Ş ş |
| T t |
U u |
V v |
W w |
X x |
Y y |
Z z |
Ƶ ƶ |
| Ь ь |
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[edit] Cyrillic based alphabet (since 1937)
| А а |
Б б |
В в |
Г г |
Гъ гъ |
Гь гь |
Д д |
Е е |
| Ё ё |
Ж ж |
З з |
И и |
Й й |
К к |
Къ къ |
Л л |
| М м |
Н н |
Нг нг |
О о |
Оь оь |
П п |
Р р |
С с |
| Т т |
У у |
Уь уь |
Ф ф |
Х х |
Ц ц |
Ч ч |
Ш ш |
| Щ щ |
Ъ ъ |
Ы ы |
Ь ь |
Э э |
Ю ю |
Я я |
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[edit] Latin alphabet (alternate version)
| A a |
B b |
V v |
G g |
G‘ g‘ |
Gy gy |
D d |
Ye ye |
| Yo yo |
J j |
Z z |
I i |
Y y |
K k |
Q q |
L l |
| M m |
N n |
Ng ng |
O o |
O‘ o‘ |
P p |
R r |
S s |
| T t |
U u |
U‘ u‘ |
F f |
X x |
Ts ts |
Ch ch |
Sh sh |
| Shch shch |
' ' |
I i |
‘ ‘ |
E e |
Yu yu |
Ya ya |
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[edit] Bibliography
- Saodat Doniyorova and Toshtemirov Qahramonil. Parlons Koumyk. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004. ISBN 2747564479.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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| Federal language |
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| Languages of federal subjects |
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| Languages with official status |
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