LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0

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LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
45333 and 44665 inside Annesley shed on 11 September 1965. 45333 has a domed boiler, whilst 44665 has one of the later Ivatt forward top-feed type boilers.
Power type Steam
Designer William Stanier
Builder LMS Crewe Works (241)
LMS Derby Works (54)
LMS Horwich Works (120)
Vulcan Foundry (100)
Armstrong Whitworth (327)
Serial number AW: 1166–1265, 1280–1506
VF: 4565–4614, 4618–4667
Build date 1934–1951
Total production 842
Configuration 4-6-0
UIC classification 2'Ch
Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading wheel size 39.5 in (1.003 m)
Driver size 72 in (1.829 m)
Length 63 ft 7¾ in (19.40 m) or 63 ft 11¾ in (19.50 m)
Locomotive weight 72.2 long tons (73.4 t) to 75 long tons (76.2 t)
Fuel type Coal
Fuel capacity 9 long tons (9.1 t)
Water capacity 4,000 imp gal (18,000 l; 4,800 US gal)
Boiler LMS type 3B
Boiler pressure 225 psi (1.55 MPa) superheated
Fire grate area 27.75 sq ft (2.578 m2) or 28.5 sq ft (2.65 m2)
Heating surface: Firebox 156 sq ft (14.5 m2) or 171 sq ft (15.9 m2)
Cylinders Two, outside
Cylinder size 18.5 in × 28 in (470 mm × 711 mm)
Valve gear Most Walschaerts, some outside Stephenson or Caprotti
Tractive effort 25,455 lbf (113.23 kN)
Career LMS, BR
Power class LMS: 5P5F
BR: 5MT
Withdrawn 1961–1968
Disposition 18 preserved, remainder scrapped

The London Midland and Scottish Railway's Class 5 4-6-0, almost universally known as the Black Five, is a class of steam locomotive. It was introduced by William Stanier in 1934 and 842 were built between then and 1951. Members of the class survived to the last day of steam on British Railways, in 1968 and eighteen are preserved.

Contents

[edit] Origins

The Black Fives were a mixed traffic locomotive, a "do-anything go-anywhere" type, designed by Stanier, who had previously been with the GWR. In his early LMS days he designed his Stanier Mogul 2-6-0 in which he experimented with the GWR school of thought on Locomotive design. A number of details in this design he would never use again realising the superiority of details not used on the GWR. But Stanier realised that there was a need for larger locomotives. These were to be the LMS's version of the GWR Halls but not a copy, as the Hall was too wide to run most places in the UK. They shared similar cylinder arrangement (two outside), internal boiler design and size and 6 foot driving wheel diameters.

[edit] Construction

There were a number of detail variations in the locomotives, and they did not all remain in the same condition as built. Some locomotives built under British Railways administration were used as test beds for various design modifications with a view to incorporating the successful modifications in the Standard Classes of locomotives built from 1951 onwards. These modifications included outside Caprotti valve gear, roller bearings (both Timken and Skefco types) on the coupled and tender axles in varying combinations and an experimental steel firebox. Other locomotives had modified draughting to "self clean" the smokebox (thereby reducing turn-around and disposal times, and eliminating, or mitigating, one of the most unpopular jobs).

[edit] The domeless engines

Numbering started from 5000, with the first twenty being ordered from Crewe Works and a further eighty from the Vulcan Foundry. The first to emerge was the first Vulcan Foundry engine, 5020, in 1934; the first Crewe-built engine, 5000 not completed until 1935. The originals were built with domeless, straight throatplate boilers with low degree superheat (14 elements). However, many received later type boilers later in their lives.

[edit] The prewar domed engines

A further 227 were ordered from Armstrong-Whitworth in 1936, the largest single locomotive order ever given by a British railway to an outside contractor. Crewe built a further 142. These had domed high degree superheat boilers.

5471, built at Crewe in 1938 would be the last built for five years. During the early stages of the Second World War the priority was for heavy freight engines and the closely-related 8Fs were produced in vast numbers.

[edit] Wartime and postwar domed engines

In 1943 construction was restarted with Derby Works building its first. However, after number 5499 was built, the numbering block hit that of the Patriot Class, and so new engines were numbered from 4800 onwards. However, after another 200 were built they again ran out of numbers, so they started numbering below 4800. By this time, the LMS had been nationalised into British Railways and BR added 40000 to all their numbers. Eventually the 842 examples would number 44658-45499.

[edit] Ivatt engines and experimental modifications

Post-war examples were built with forward topfeeds. In 1948 George Ivatt introduced more modifications to bearings and valve gear. 4767 was built with Stephenson link motion in 1947. 44738-57 were built with Caprotti valve gear. The last two, 44686 and 44687 built at Horwich in 1951, had even more modifications.

44662 at Leeds City in 1966 or 1967 with an Ivatt forward topfeed boiler.

44694 and 45209 at Bradford Exchange

44964 passing St. Dunstans

[edit] Construction details


[edit] Names

One of only a handful of named Black Fives, 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry at Sheffield Brightside on 20 September 1959

Only five Black Fives received names, though several have been named in preservation (see below). All of them were named after Scottish regiments. Four of them retained their names into British Railways days, but No 5155, which carried the name The Queens Edinburgh during the Second World War, later had its name removed.[1]

Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 names[2]
LMS No. BR No. Name Date named Name removed
5154 45154 Lanarkshire Yeomanry 1937
5155 45155 The Queens Edinburgh 1942 1944
5156 45156 Ayrshire Yeomanry 1936
5157 45157 The Glasgow Highlander 1936
5158 45158 Glasgow Yeomanry 1936

[edit] Withdrawal

45401 was the first Black Five to be withdrawn from stock in 1961, with the remainder following between 1962 and 1968. They survived to the last day of steam on BR in 1968.

Summary of withdrawals
Year No. withdrawn No(s)
1961 1 45401
1962 21 etc
1963 29 etc
1964 67 etc
1965 97 etc
1966 171 etc
1967 305 etc
1968 151 44663-5/72/83-90
44708/9/11/3/5/28/35/58/61/77/80/1
44800/2-4/6/7/9/15/6/8/29/36/8/42/5/6/8/51/5/64/8/71/4/7/8/84/8-91/4/7/9
44903/6/10/26/9/32/40/2/7/9/50/63/5/71
45001/5/13/7/25/7/34/8/46/54/5/65/73/6/95/6
45101/4/10/431/3/4/49/50/6/87/90
45200-3/6/9/12/27/31/53-5/8/60/2/8/9/79/82/4/7/90/4/6
45305/10/2/6/8/30/42/5/50/3/75/6/81/2/6/8/90-2/4/5/7
45407/11/20/1/4/6/35/6/4/5/7/93

[edit] Preservation

45305 on the Great Central Railway
45231 and 45305 on shed.

Eighteen locomotives have been preserved:

Number Location
LMS BR
4767 44767 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
4806 44806 Llangollen Railway
4871 44871 East Lancashire Railway
4901 44901 Vale of Glamorgan Railway
4932 44932 West Coast Railway Company
5000 45000 National Railway Museum
5025 45025 Strathspey Railway
5110 45110 Barrow Hill Engine Shed
5163 45163 Colne Valley Railway
5212 45212 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5231 45231 East Lancashire Railway
5293 45293 Colne Valley Railway
5305 45305 Great Central Railway
5337 45337 East Lancashire Railway
5379 45379 Mid-Hants Railway
5407 45407 East Lancashire Railway
5428 45428 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5491 45491 Midland Railway - Butterley

45110 is normally based at the Severn Valley Railway, but after the expiry of its ten year boiler certificate it was withdrawn from service in August 2008, and moved to Barrow Hill for under cover storage, for at least two years, in early 2009.

[edit] Sound

[edit] In fiction

In The Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry, the character Henry the Green Engine, in his later form, is based on a Black Five.[3]

In the film The Virgin Soldiers the locomotive destroyed in the train crash scene was 4781, the only one of the four Fifteen Guinea Special engines not preserved.

The locomotive in Magritte's picture Time Transfixed is a Black Five.

[edit] See also

[edit] Further reading

  • David Hunt, Bob Essery and Fred James with David Jennison and David Clarke LMS Locomotive Profiles (three volumes, three pictorial supplements):
    • No. 5 The mixed traffic class 5s. Part 1. Nos. 5000-5224. (+ pictorial supplement)
    • No. 6 The mixed traffic class 5s. Part 2. Walschaerts and Stephenson valve gear engines from the 5225-5499 and 4658-4999 series. (+ pictorial supplement)
    • No. 7 Mixed traffic class 5s: Caprotti valve gear engines and class summary (+ pictorial supplement)
  • Brian Reed and Pat Rowledge Stanier 4-6-0s of the LMS
  • J.S. Whiteley, Gavin Morrison The Power of the Black Fives

[edit] References

  1. ^ The name is confirmed in ABC LMS Locomotives of 1943 (undated 1960s reprint ed.). Ian Allan. p. 17. 
  2. ^ Rowledge (1975). Engines of the LMS built 1923–51. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. p. 11. ISBN 0-902888-59-5. 
  3. ^ The Rev. W., Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways. Kaye & Ward. p. (p129). ISBN 0 434 92762 7. 

[edit] External links

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