Lake Pend Oreille

Lake Pend Oreille
Aerial view
Location	Bonner / Kootenai counties, Idaho, USA
Coordinates	48°10′0″N 116°20′0″W
Primary inflows	Clark Fork River, Pack River
Primary outflows	Pend Oreille River
Basin countries	United States
Surface area	148 sq mi (383 km2)
Max. depth	1,150 ft (351 m)

Lake Pend Oreille is a lake in the northern Idaho Panhandle, with a surface area of 148 square miles (380 km²). It is 65 miles (105 km) long, and 1,150 feet (350 m) deep in some regions, making it the fifth deepest in the United States. It is fed by the Clark Fork River and the Pack River, and drains via the Pend Oreille River. It is surrounded by national forests and a few small towns, with the largest population on the lake at Sandpoint. All but the southern tip of the lake is in Bonner County. The southern tip is in Kootenai County and is home to Farragut State Park, formerly the Farragut Naval Training Station during World War II of which a smaller part is still active and conducts US Navy acoustic underwater submarine research [1].

The forests consist of ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, Poplar, Quaking Aspen, Paper Birch and Western Larch. Local animal species include mule deer, elk, gray wolves, moose, squirrels, black bears, coyotes and bobcats, along with bald eagles, osprey, owls, hummingbirds, hawks, woodpeckers, ducks and the mountain bluebird. The lake is a home for several species of migratory water fowl.

History

Garfield Bay on Lake Pend Oreille

Lake Pend Oreille was glacially formed during the ice age. It is also believed that the eastern side of the lake was in the path of the ancient Missoula Flood. The lake sits at the south end of the Purcell Trench[2], carved by glaciers moving south from Canada. The eastern side of the glacier is believed to have formed the dam for the Missoula flood, at the point where the Clark Fork river enters the lake between the Cabinet and Bitteroot mountains. The lake is made larger by the dam at Albeni Falls, just east of Oldtown, Idaho. The dam is 90 feet (27 m) high and produces over 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity yearly. It is run by the Bonneville Power Administration. Along with Flathead Lake, Crater Lake, and Lake Chelan, it ranks as one of the largest and deepest lakes in the Northwest.

The area around the Lake is the traditional home of the Kalispell Indian peoples. David Thompson established a North West Company trading post on the lake in 1809. A French Canadian fur trader on Thompson's party is believed to have given the lake its name. The words "Pend Oreille" are French for an ear-hanging or pendant. Ear pendants were characteristic of the Kalispell tribe. The lake is shaped much like a human ear when viewed from above or on a map.

During World War II, the south end was the second largest naval training ground in the world. Built as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the training station is now Farragut State Park. The lake is still used by the Navy's Acoustic Research Detachment to test large-scale submarine prototypes: the significant depth gives acoustic properties similar to the open ocean. [3]

Other information

The following towns are adjacent to the Lake:

• Sandpoint, Idaho
• Ponderay, Idaho
• Kootenai, Idaho
• Hope, Idaho
• Clark Fork, Idaho
• Bayview, Idaho
• Sagle, Idaho

The lake is viewed from the Pend Oreille Scenic Byway, State Highway 200 along the north shore. Much of the shore is mountainous. The mountains to the east of are the Green Monarchs, to the north are the Cabinet Mountains, to the southwest the Coeur d'Alène, and to northwest are the Selkirk mountains.

Geology

For more information on the geology of the Lake Pend Oreille see

• http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/counties/bonner/geomap.htm
• http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/counties/kootenai/geomap.htm
• Alt, David. Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Humongous Floods. (Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Co., 2001

Aquatic Invasive Species

Bonner County Public Works oversees Eurasian Milfoil treatment in Lake Pend Oreille. A group of Sandpoint moms, Mothers for Safe Water is concerned about this use of herbicides to treat milfoil.

Fish

The lake is home to many species of fish, including rainbow trout, Lake trout, Perch, Black Crappie, White Crappie, Largemouth Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Spotted Bass, Striped Bass, White Bass, Whitefish, Walleye, Northern Pike and Kokanee. Lake Pend Oreille is also the home of the 37 pound state record kamloops rainbow trout caught by Wes Hamlet in 1947. [4]

• Idaho Fish and Game
• Lake Pend Oreille Idaho Club volunteer, nonprofit interested in Kokanee survival

Conservation

• Pend Orielle Basin Commission formed to oversee any issues relating to water quality and/or water quantity in Lake Pend Oreille, Pend Oreille River, Priest Lake and Priest River Basin
• Lake *A* Syst voluntary educational program to assist homeowners in making well-informed decisions in managing their lakefront property
• Tri-State Water Quality Council Citizens, business, industry, tribes, government and environmental groups combined to oversee the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille river system
• Clark Fork - Pend Oreille Conservancy non-profit land trust serving Sanders County, Montana and Bonner County, Idaho
• Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Lake Pend Oreille Watershed Advisory Group
• Rock Creek Alliance nonprofit works to protect the water quality of the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille Watershed and the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness Area (primarily from contamination from the mining industry)
• Lake Pend Oreille Waterkeeper environmental group part of the larger Waterkeeper Alliance [5]

References

• Alvarez, Gail E.; Woolford, Dennis (2009). Farragut Naval Training Station. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. ISBN 9780738570969. 

External links

• Idaho State Parks - official site - Farragut
• Idaho Public TV - Lake Pend Oreille
• U.S. Navy - Acoustic Research Detachment - Bayview, Idaho
• Global Security.org - U.S. Navy ARD - Bayview, Idaho
• U.S. Navy Undersea Warfare magazine - submarine stealth in Idaho
• Nav Source.org - photos of LSV-2 Cutthroat - Navy ARD - Bayview, ID
• Lake Pend Oreille Weather Buoy - U.S. Navy
• The World's Deepest Lakes
• Idaho Scenic Byways