Lake Prespa

Lake Prespa
Lake Prespa
	Location
Location	Balkans (Albania, Greece, the Republic of Macedonia)
Coordinates	40°54′N 21°02′E / 40.900°N 21.033°ECoordinates: 40°54′N 21°02′E / 40.900°N 21.033°E
Lake type	tectonic
Basin countries	Albania; Greece; Macedonia
Surface area	259 km²
Max. depth	54 m
Surface elevation	853 m
Islands	Golem Grad, Mal Grad

For other uses, see Prespa (disambiguation).

Prespa is the name of two freshwater lakes in southeast Europe, shared by Albania, Greece, and the Republic of Macedonia. Of the total surface area, 176.3 km² (68.07 sq mi) belongs to the Republic of Macedonia, 46.3 km² (17.88 sq mi) to Albania and 36.4 km² (14.05 sq mi) to Greece. They are the highest tectonic lakes in the Balkans, standing at an altitude of 853 m (2,798 ft).

The Great Prespa Lake (Albanian: Liqeni i Prespës, Greek: Μεγάλη Πρέσπα, Limni Megáli Préspa, Macedonian: Преспанско Езеро, Prespansko Ezero) is divided between Albania, Greece and Macedonia. The Small Prespa Lake (Greek: Μικρή Πρέσπα, Mikri Prespa; Albanian: Prespa e Vogël) is shared only between Greece (138 km² (53.28 sq mi) drainage area; 42.5 km² (16.41 sq mi) surface area) and Albania (51 km² (19.69 sq mi) drainage area; 4.3 km² (1.66 sq mi) surface area).

History [edit]

Topographic map of Lake Prespa and Lake Ohrid.

In the 10th century, the Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria built the fortress and church of St. Achillius on an island called Agios Achillios in the Small Prespa Lake, on the Greek side of the border. The biggest island in the Great Prespa Lake, on Macedonia's side, is called Golem Grad ("Large Town"), and Snake Island (Zmiski Ostrov). The other island Mal Grad (Small Town, in Albania) is the site of a ruined 14th century monastery dedicated to St. Peter. Today, both islands are uninhabited.

Because Great Prespa Lake sits about 150m above Lake Ohrid, which lies only about 10 km (6.21 mi) (6 miles) to the west, its waters run through underground channels in the karst and emerge from springs which feed streams running into Lake Ohrid.^[1]

For many years, the Greek part of the Prespa Lakes region was an underpopulated, military sensitive area which required special permission for outsiders to visit. It saw fierce fighting during the Greek Civil War and much of the local population subsequently emigrated to escape endemic poverty and political strife. The region remained little developed until the 1970s, when it began to be promoted as a tourist destination. With an abundance of rare fauna and flora, the area was declared a Transnational Park in 2000. In 1999 the Society for the Protection of Prespa received the Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award for its conservation efforts regarding the Lake Prespa Ramsar site.

The area contains four National Parks located in Albania, Greece, and the Republic of Macedonia. The largest town in the Prespa Lakes region is Resen in the Republic of Macedonia.

Only 11 native fish species are known from the lake, but 9 of these are endemic: Alburnoides prespensis, Alburnus belvica, Barbus prespensis, Chondrostoma prespense, Cobitis meridionalis, Pelasgus prespensis, Rutilus prespensis, Salmo peristericus and Squalius prespensis.^[2]