Banjara

Banjara

Banjara woman in traditional dress
Total population
ca. 5.6 million
Regions with significant populations
Andhra Pradesh 2.2 million Karnataka 1.1 million Maharashtra 0.9 million Madhya Pradesh 0.4 million Rajasthan 0.3 million
Languages
Lambadi, Hindi, Kannada, Telugu and Marathi
Religion
Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
other Hindustani populations

The Banjara are a class of usually described as nomadic people from the Indian state of Rajasthan, North-West Gujarat, and Western Madhya Pradesh and Eastern Sindh province of pre-independence Pakistan. They claim to belong to the clan of Agnivanshi Rajputs, and are also known as Banjari, Pindari, Bangala, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Lamani, Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara, Lavani, Lemadi, Lumadale, Labhani Muka, Goola, Gurmarti, Gormati, Kora, Sugali, Sukali, Tanda, Vanjari, Vanzara, and Wanji. Together with the Domba, they are sometimes called the "gypsies of India".

They are divided in two tribes, Maturia, and Labana.

Distribution

The origin of Banjara community is stated in the area between Bikaner and Bahawalpur, Pakistan. After the fall of the Rajputs, they started spreading across the country. The Banjara had spread to Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and other states of India. About half their number speak Lambadi, one of the Rajasthani dialects, while others are native speakers of Hindi, Telugu and other languages dominant in their respective areas of settlement. Rathod, Parmar, Pawar, Chauhan,and Jadhav castes belong to Banjara community in Rajasthan and Gujarat now are in General Seats after the communal rights taken place in Rajasthan for Reservation in 2008 as they were landlords in Amarkot, Fathaykot and Sialkot before Partition of India and Pakistan. They are an ST in Andhra Pradesh (where they are listed as Sugali), Orissa, Karnataka (SC), Haryana, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh. Even though, they settled across the country, they still consider themselves as nomad community.

Etymology

The word "Banjara" must have evolved from Prakrit and Hindi and Rajasthani words "Bana/Ban or Vana/Van" meaning Forest or Moorlands and "Chara" meaning 'Movers'. The Banjara are (together with the Domba) sometimes called the "Gypsies of India".

The word Banjara is a deprecated, colloquial form of the word of Sanskrit origin. The Sanskrit compound-word vana chara, "forest wanderers" was given to them presumably because of their primitive role in the Indian society as forest wood collectors and distributors.

Culture

Food

The traditional food of Banjara is bati (roti). Daliya is a dish cooked using many cereal, such as wheat or jawar. Banjara people also enjoy many non-vegetarian foods. Among the non-vegetarian dishes unique to them are saloi, made from goat blood and other goat parts. In Andhara, fish is their main food. The Banajara are also known for preferring spicy food.

Dress

Traditional banjara dress

Women are known to wear colorful and beautiful costumes like phetiya (as ghagra) and kanchalli (as top) and have mehendi tattoos on their hands. The dress is considered fancy and attractive by Western cultures. They use mirror chips and often coins to decorate it. Women put on thick bangles on their arms (patli). Their ornaments are made up of silver rings, coins, chain and hair pleats are tied together at the end by chotla.

Men wear dhoti and kurta (short with many folds). These clothes were designed specially for the protection from harsh climate in deserts and to distinguish them from others.

Arts, literature and entertainment

Gypsies-Painting of Raja Ravi Varma

Their customs, language and dress indicate they originated from Rajasthan. They live in settlements called thandas. They lived in zupada (hut). Now many of them live in cities. They have a unique culture and dance form. On many occasions they gather, sing and dance.

Their traditional occupation is nomadic cattle herding. Now they are slowly moving into agriculture and trade.

The accurate history of Lambanis or Lambadis or Banjaras is not known but the general opinion among them is that they fought for Prithvi Raj Chauhan against Muhammad of Ghor. The trail of the Lambadi/Banjara can be verified from their language, Lambadi borrows words from Rajasthani, Gujarati, Marathi and the local language of the area they belong to.

Banjaras originally belong to Rajasthan and they were Rajputs^{[citation needed]} who migrated to southern parts of India for trade and agriculture. They settled down in the southern or central area of the country and slowly loosened contacts with Rajasthan, and their original community. Over a period of time both the communities separated and they adopted the local culture. The language spoken by Banjaras settled in Yavatmal district of Vidarbha, Maharashtra is an admixture of Hindi, Rajasthani and Marathi.

Lambadi Dance is a special kind of dance of Andhra Pradesh. In this form of dance, mainly the female dancers dance in tune with the male drummers to offer homage to their Lord for a good harvest. At Anupu village near Nagarjunakonda, Lambadi dance originated. They are actually semi-nomadic tribes who are gradually moving towards civilization. This dance is mainly restricted among the females and rarely the males participate in Lambadi dance. Lambadi is a special kind of Folk Dance which involves participation by tribal women who bedeck themselves in colorful costumes and jewelry.

Related communities

Three other castes that claim kinship with the Banjara are the Labana of Punjab, the Gawaria of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and Lavana of Rajasthan. The banjara community needs to be compared with the 'Harappa and Mahenjodaro' history to trace the origin and the pali language and the deep study of sanskrit words to locate the foundation of their spoken language.

There are many more eminent scholars and political leaders like D Ravindra Naik, Manohar Ainapur, and writers like P K Khandoba, D B Naik, Puttappa R Jadhav, and much more leaders in India. There is a prominent social transformer from Mandavi Kinwat of Maharastra like Baliram Patil, Uttam Rao Rathod.

Gotras

The Banjaras are grouped into five gotras, or super-families, also called goth or pada in Lambadi.

• Banoth, Pangoth
• Rathod, Bhukya
• Chavan, Jath (Moodh)
• Amgot, Pawar
• Jadhav, Vadtya
• kelavath

Some believe the Rahtod/Bhukya gotra is split into two, making Banoth as a separate gotra by itself and bringing the total to six gotras. Others claim the Turi/Badawatis form an additional (sixth) gotra. Each gotra is divided into subdivisions called jaaths, which are generally used as surnames of its members.

Marriage

Members of the same gotra cannot marry as they are considered brother and sister, a term known as bhaipana (brotherhood). Members of different gotras may marry, and this state is known as kai-laageni (can marry). Traditionally, the jaaths of prospective couples are checked by experts known as dhadi bhaat who knew the gotra/jaath system and could identify proper marriages. Nowadays the Banjarpoint website (coded by two Banjara software engineers) fulfills a similar function with gotra/jaath webpages to identify which can marry which.In Banjara community marriages will take place for a week with many celebrations. Like Vadai, saadi thanero, Bhang peyero, Gol khayero, maand ramadero, Vokaldi dhokayero, Davlokarero, Sagai, etc.

Ancient Sri Shiva Anjaneya Temple

Sri Shiva Anjaneya Swamy Temple

Sri Shiva Anjaneya Temple is a 150 year old ancient temple situated at Devla Naik Tanda, Thunkimetla Village, Bomraspet Mandal, Mahabubnagar Dist, renovated by V. Pandari nayak jadav with the help of local banjara people, political leaders, business people, employee's of state & central government and other devotees.

See also

• Banjara (Muslim)
• Dhangar
• List of Scheduled Tribes in India
• Rajasthani people
• Vanjari

External links

• Banjarazone.com
• Banjarajanasangh.com
• Banjarpoint.com
• The Banjaras, a photo essay at Anilcherukupalli.com
• The Joshua Project
• Chennai Museum
• Biomedcentral.com
• Maharashtra.gov.in
• Banjar Times
• Krep Publishers