Lanza del Vasto
 Lanza del Vasto |
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| Born | Giuseppe Giovanni Luigi Enrico Lanza di Trabia 29 September 1901 San Vito dei Normanni, Italy |
| Died | January 5, 1981 Elche de la Sierra, Spain |
| Occupation | Philosopher, poet, artist, and nonviolent activist. |
Lanza del Vasto, (Giuseppe Giovanni Luigi Enrico Lanza di Trabia), (September 29, 1901 – January 5, 1981) was a philosopher, poet, artist, catholic and nonviolent activist.
He was born in San Vito dei Normanni, Italy and died in Elche de la Sierra, Spain.
A western disciple of Mohandas K. Gandhi, he worked for inter-religious dialogue, spiritual renewal, ecological activism and nonviolence.
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[edit] Youth in Italy
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[edit] Meeting Gandhi
In December 1936, Lanza went to India, joining the movement for Indian independence led by Gandhi. He knew of Gandhi through a book by Romain Rolland. He spent six months with the Mahatma, then in June 1937, went to the source of the Ganges river in the Himalayas, a famous pilgrimage site. There he saw a vision who told him "Go back and found!"
He left then India and went back to Europe. In 1938, he went to Palestine, then in the midst of civil war, to Jerusalem and Bethlehem, "between two lines of tanks".
He came back to Paris at the time when the Second World War started. He wrote some poetry books and in 1943 he published the story of his trip to India, Return to the Source, which became a huge success.
[edit] Foundation of the Ark
He founded the Community of the Ark in 1948 which first met a lot of difficulties. In 1954, he went back to India to participate in nonviolent anti-feudal struggles with Vinoba Bhave.
In 1962 the Community of the Ark settled in Haut-Languedoc, in the south of France, at the Borie Noble, near Lodève, in a deserted village. After numbering over a hundred members in the 1970s and 1980s, some communities were closed in the 1990s due to conflicts, ageing population (under thirty members) and a lack of interest in its work and lifestyle. Since 2000, groups are present in few regions of France, in Belgium, Spain, Italy, Equator and Canada.[1]
[edit] Nonviolent struggles
In 1957, during the Algerian War, del Vasto started with other known people (General de Bollardière, François Mauriac, Robert Barrat, etc.) a movement of protest against torture. He fasted for 21 days. In 1958, he demonstrated against the nuclear power plant in Marcoule, France, which produced plutonium for nuclear weapons.
In 1963, he fasted for 40 days in Rome during the Second Vatican Council, asking Pope John XXIII to stand against war - "Pour demander au Pape de prendre position contre la guerre."
In 1965 he was at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, city of Santa Rosa, province of La Pampa, Argentina, talking about no-violence during weeks with the students.
In 1972, he supported the farmers of the Larzac plateau against the extension of a military camp while fasting for 15 days. In 1974 a community of the Ark settled in the Larzac in a farmhouse bought by the army.
In 1976, he participated to the demonstrations against the building of the fast breeder reactor Superphénix at Creys-Malville, Isère (France).
[edit] Bibliography
- Ballades aux Dames du temps présent, Paris, 1923.
- Conquiste du Vento, Florence, 1927.
- Fantasia Notturna, théâtre, Florence, 1927.
- Judas, récit biblique, Grasset, 1938, Gallimard, 1992.
- Le Chiffre des Choses, poésies, Robert Laffont, 1942.
- Le Pélerinage aux Sources, Denoël, 1943, Gallimard, 1989, Le Rocher, 1993.
- Dialogue de l'Amitié, avec Luc Dietrich (Laffont, 1942, 1993).
- Choix, poésies, Le Seuil, 1944.
- 'La Marche des Rois, théâtre, R. Laffont, 1944.
- Principes et préceptes du retour à l'évidence, Denoël, 1945, Le Rocher, 1996 sous le titre Eloge de la vie simple.
- La Baronne de Carins, bilingue, poème épique traduit du vieux sicilien, Le Seuil, 1946.
- La Passion, théâtre, Grasset, 1951.
- Commentaire de l'Evangile, Denoël, 1951, Le Rocher, 1994.
- Histoire d'une amitié, dans L'Injuste Grandeur de Luc Dietrich, Denoël, 1951, Le Rocher, 1993.
- Vinoba, ou le nouveau pélerinage, Denoël, 1954, Gallimard, 1982.
- Préfaces aux huit ouvrages de la collection Pensée gandhienne, Denoël, 1985-1965.
- Les Quatre Fléaux, philosophie, Denoël, 1959, Le Rocher, 1993.
- Pacification en Algérie, ou mensonge et violence, édition clandestine, 1960, L'Harmattan, 1988.
- Approches de la Vie Intérieure, Denoël, 1962, Le Rocher, 1992.
- Noé, théâtre, Denoël, 1965.
- La Montée des âmes vivantes, Denoël, 1968.
- L'Homme libre et les ânes sauvages, Denoël, 1969 et 1987.
- La Trinité spirituelle, philosophie, Denoël, 1971, Le Rocher, 1994.
- Technique de la non-violence, Denoël, 1971, Gallimard, 1988.
- L'Arche avait pour voilure une vigne, Denoël, 1978, 1982.
- Les etymologies imaginaires: Verite, vie et vertu des mots, Denoël, 1985. (ISBN 2207230090)
- David Berger, théâtre, Lion de Judas, 1988.
- Pour éviter la fin du monde, Le Rocher, 1991.
- Le Viatique, 2 tomes, Le Rocher, 1991.
- Les Quatre Pilliers de la paix, Le Rocher, 1992.
- Le Grand Retour, Le Rocher, 1993. (ISBN 2268015343)
- Pages d'enseignement, Le Rocher, 1993. (ISBN 2268016072)
[edit] Books in English
- Return to the Source, Schocken, New York, 1972. Includes an account of Shantidas’s stay with Gandhi. (ISBN 0805234411)
- Make Straight the Way of the Lord: An Anthology of the Philosophical Writings of Lanza del Vasto, Knopf, New York, 1974. (ISBN 0394493877)
- Warriors of Peace: Writings on the Technique of Nonviolence, Knopf, New York, 1974. (ISBN 0394709330)
- Gandhi to Vinoba: The New Pilgrimage, Shocken, New York, 1974. (ISBN 080523554X) (Reprint from Rider, London, 1956) (translated by Philip Leon from Vinoba, ou le nouveau pélerinage, Denoël, 1954)
[edit] Essays on Lanza del Vasto
- Qui est Lanza del Vasto, par Jacques Madaule,
- Lanza del Vasto, par Arnaud de Mareuil (Seghers, 1965)
- Dialogues avec Lanza del Vasto, par René Doumerc (Albin Michel)
- Les Facettes de Cristal, entretiens avec Claude-Henri Roquet (Le Centurion)
- Lanza del Vasto, sa vie, son œuvre, son message, par Arnaud de Mareuil (Dangles)
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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