Dinosaur size

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For other large prehistoric reptiles, see Largest prehistoric organisms#Reptiles (Reptilia).

Size has been one of the most interesting aspects of dinosaur science to the general public. This article lists the largest and smallest dinosaurs from various groups, sorted in order of weight and length.

Scale diagram comparing a human and the largest known dinosaurs of five major clades

This list excludes unpublished size estimates (such as those for Bruhathkayosaurus, possibly the largest dinosaur of all). In some cases, dinosaurs are known that will be included on this list if/when they are officially described. In addition, weight estimates for dinosaurs are much more variable than length estimates, because estimating length for extinct animals is much more easily done from a skeleton than estimating weight.

Contents

[edit] General records

[edit] Heaviest dinosaurs

See also Most massive sauropods The ten largest known dinosaur species by weight, based on published weight estimates.

  1. Amphicoelias fragillimus: 122.4 t[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus huinculensis: 73-88 t[2][3]
  3. Futalognkosaurus dukei: (comparable to Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus)[4]
  4. Puertasaurus reuili: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  5. "Antarctosaurus" giganteus: 69 t[3]
  6. Paralititan stromeri: 59 t[2]
  7. Sauroposeidon proteles: 50-60 t[6][7]
  8. Turiasaurus riodevensis: 40-48 t[8]
  9. Supersaurus vivianae: 35-40 t[9]
  10. Diplodocus hallorum: 16-38 t[1][3]

[edit] Longest dinosaurs

See also Longest sauropods The ten longest known dinosaurs, based on published length estimates.

  1. Amphicoelias fragillimus: 40–60 m (130–200 ft)[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus huinculensis: 30–36 m (98–118 ft)?[1][10]
  3. Supersaurus vivianae: 33–34 m (108–112 ft)[9]
  4. Sauroposeidon proteles: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[1][6][7]
  5. Futalognkosaurus dukei: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[4][10]
  6. Diplodocus hallorum: 30–33.5 m (98–109.9 ft)[3][10]
  7. "Antarctosaurus" giganteus: 33 m (108 ft)?[10]
  8. Paralititan stromeri: 26–32 m (85–105 ft)[1][10]
  9. Turiasaurus riodevensis: >30 m (98 ft)[8]
  10. Puertasaurus reuili: 30 m (98 ft)?[10]

[edit] Lightest non-avialan dinosaurs

The ten smallest known non-avialan dinosaurs by weight, based on published weight estimates.

  1. Anchiornis huxleyi: 110 g[11]
  2. Compsognathus longipes: 0.26 kg-3.5 kg[12][13]
  3. Juravenator starki: 0.34 kg[13]
  4. Fruitadens haagarorum: 0.50 kg-0.75 kg[14]
  5. Sinosauropteryx prima: 0.55 kg[13]
  6. Archaeopteryx lithographica: 0.8 kg-1 kg[15]
  7. Microraptor gui: 0.95 kg[16]

[edit] Shortest non-avialan dinosaurs

The ten shortest known non-avialan dinosaur species, based on published length estimates.

  1. Parvicursor remotus: 30 cm (12 in)[10]
  2. "Ornithomimus" minutus: 30 cm (12 in)[10]
  3. Palaeopteryx thomsoni: 30 cm (12 in)?[10]
  4. Nqwebasaurus thwazi: 30 cm (0.98 ft)[13]
  5. Unnamed (BEXHM: 2008.14.1): 33–50 cm (13–20 in)[10][17]
  6. Anchiornis huxleyi: 34 cm (13 in)[11]
  7. Archaeopteryx lithographica: 40 cm (16 in)[10]
  8. Xiaotingia zhengi: 40 cm (16 in)[10]
  9. Wellnhoferia grandis: 45 cm (18 in)[10]
  10. Xixianykus zhangi: 50 cm (20 in)[10]
  11. Alwalkeria maleriensis: 50 cm (20 in)?[10]

[edit] Theropods

Main article: Theropoda

Sizes are given with a range, where possible, of estimates that have not been contradicted by more recent studies. In cases where a range of currently accepted estimates exist, sources are given for the sources with the lowest and highest estimates, respectively, and only the highest values are given if these individual sources give a range of estimates.

[edit] Longest theropods

Size comparison of selected giant theropod dinosaurs

Size by overall length, including tail, of all theropods over 12 meters.

  1. Spinosaurus aegyptiacus: 14.3–18 m (47–59 ft)[13][18]
  2. Oxalaia quilombensis: 12–14 m (39–46 ft)[19]
  3. Giganotosaurus carolinii: 12.5–13.2 m (41–43 ft)[10][12]
  4. Carcharodontosaurus saharicus: 12–13.2 m (39–43.3 ft)[13][20]
  5. Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis: (comparable to C. saharicus)[21]
  6. Saurophaganax maximus: 13 m (43 ft)[10]
  7. Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis: 13 m (43 ft)?[10]
  8. Tyrannosaurus rex: 12.8 m (42 ft)[22]
  9. Mapusaurus roseae: 12.2–12.6 m (40–41 ft)[10][23]
  10. Tyrannotitan chubutensis: 12.2 m (40 ft)[10]
  11. Torvosaurus tanneri: 12 m (39 ft)[10]
  12. Allosaurus fragilis: 12 m (39 ft)[10]
  13. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis: 12 m (39 ft)[10]
  14. Bahariasaurus ingens: 12 m (39 ft)?[10][24]

[edit] Most massive theropods

Size by overall weight of all theropods with maximum weight estimates of over 4 metric tons.

  1. Spinosaurus aegyptiacus: 7-20.9 t[13][18]
  2. Carcharodontosaurus saharicus: 6.1-15.1 t[12][13]
  3. Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis: (comparable to C. saharicus)[21]
  4. Giganotosaurus carolinii: 6.5-13.8 t[12][13]
  5. Tyrannosaurus rex: 6-9.1 t[13][25]
  6. Deinocheirus mirificus: 2-9 t?[26][27]
  7. Oxalaia quilombensis: 5.0-7.0 t[19]
  8. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis: 5.6-6.2 t[13][28]
  9. Therizinosaurus cheloniformis: 5.0 t[29]
  10. Suchomimus tenerensis: 3.8-5.2 t[12][13]
  11. Tarbosaurus bataar: 1.6-5 t[25][26]

[edit] Shortest non-avialan theropods

Size comparison of the smallest non-pygostylian theropods

A list of all known non-avialan theropods with an adult length of under 90 centimeters, excluding soft tissue such as feathered tails.

  1. Parvicursor remotus: 30 cm (12 in)[10]
  2. "Ornithomimus" minutus: 30 cm (12 in)[10]
  3. Palaeopteryx thompsoni: 30 cm (12 in)?[10]
  4. Nqwebasaurus thwazi: 30 cm (12 in)[13]
  5. Unnamed (BEXHM: 2008.14.1): 33–50 cm (13–20 in)[10][17]
  6. Anchiornis huxleyi: 34 cm (13 in)[11]
  7. Archaeopteryx lithographica: 40 cm (16 in)[10]
  8. Xiaotingia zhengi: 40 cm (16 in)[10]
  9. Wellnhoferia grandis: 45 cm (18 in)[10]
  10. Xixianykus zhangi: 50 cm (20 in)[10]
  11. Alwalkeria maleriensis: 50 cm (20 in)?[10]
  12. Jinfengopteryx elegans: 55 cm (1.80 ft)[30]
  13. Albinykus baatar: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  14. Linhenykus monodactylus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  15. Pamparaptor micros: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  16. Shuvuuia deserti: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  17. Pedopenna daohugouensis: 60 cm (2.0 ft)?[10]
  18. Mahakala omnogovae: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[31]
  19. Protarchaeopteryx robusta: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[10]
  20. Rahonavis ostromi: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[10]
  21. Shanag ashile: 70 cm (2.3 ft)[10]
  22. Pneumatoraptor fodori: 73 cm (2.40 ft)[32]

[edit] Least massive non-avialan theropods

A list of all known non-avialan theropods with an adult weight of 1 kilogram or less.

  1. Anchiornis huxleyi: 110 g[11]
  2. Compsognathus longipes: 0.26 kg-3.5 kg[12][13]
  3. Juravenator starki: 0.34 kg[13]
  4. Sinosauropteryx prima: 0.55 kg[13]
  5. Microraptor gui: 0.95 kg[16]

[edit] Sauropods

Main article: Sauropoda

Sauropod size is difficult to estimate given their usually fragmentary state of preservation. Sauropods are often preserved without their tails, so the margin of error in overall length estimates is high. Mass is calculated using the cube of the length, so for species in which the length is particularly uncertain, the weight is even more so. Estimates that are particularly uncertain (due to very fragmentary or lost material) are preceded by a question mark. Each number represents the highest estimate of a given research paper.

Note that, generally, the giant sauropods can be divided into two categories: the shorter but stockier and more massive forms (mainly titanosaurs and some brachiosaurids), and the longer but slenderer and more light-weight forms (mainly diplodocids).

[edit] Longest sauropods

Size comparison of selected giant sauropod dinosaurs

A list of sauropods that reached over 25 meters in length, including neck and tail.

  1. Amphicoelias fragillimus: 40–60 m (130–200 ft)[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus huinculensis: 30–36 m (98–118 ft)?[1][10]
  3. Supersaurus vivianae: 33–34 m (108–112 ft)[9]
  4. Futalognkosaurus dukei: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[4][10]
  5. Sauroposeidon proteles: 28–34 m (92–112 ft)[1][6][7]
  6. Diplodocus hallorum: 30–33.5 m (98–109.9 ft)[3][10]
  7. "Antarctosaurus" giganteus: 33 m (108 ft)?[10]
  8. Paralititan stromeri: 26–32 m (85–105 ft)[1][10]
  9. Turiasaurus riodevensis: >30 m (98 ft)[8]
  10. Puertasaurus reuili: 30 m (98 ft)?[10]
  11. Alamosaurus: (comparable to Puertasaurus)[33]
  12. Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum: 20–30 m (66–98 ft)[10][34]
  13. Argyrosaurus superbus: 28 m (92 ft)[10]
  14. Barosaurus lentus: 26 m (85 ft)[12]
  15. Brachiosaurus altithorax: 26 m (85 ft)[10]
  16. Apatosaurus louisae: 22.8–26 m (75–85 ft)[3][10]
  17. Giraffatitan brancai: 21.8–26 m (72–85 ft)[3][10]
  18. Tornieria africana: 26 m (85 ft)?[10]
  19. Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum: 26 m (85 ft)[35][36]
  20. Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis: 20.4–26 m (67–85 ft)[35]
  21. Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae: 25 m (82 ft)[10]
  22. Chuanjiesaurus ananensis: 25 m (82 ft)[10]
  23. "Cetiosaurus" humerocristatus: 25 m (82 ft)?[10]

[edit] Most massive sauropods

Size by overall weight of all sauropods over 20 metric tons.

  1. Amphicoelias fragillimus: 122.4 t[1]
  2. Argentinosaurus huinculensis: 73-88 t[2][3]
  3. Futalognkosaurus dukei: (comparable to Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus)[4]
  4. Puertasaurus reuili: (comparable to Argentinosaurus)[5]
  5. Alamosaurus: (comparable to Puertasaurus)[33]
  6. Paralititan stromeri: 59 t[2]
  7. "Antarctosaurus" giganteus: 69 t[3]
  8. Sauroposeidon proteles: 50-60 t[6][7]
  9. Turiasaurus riodevensis: 40-48 t[8]
  10. Supersaurus vivianae: 35-40 t[9]
  11. Diplodocus hallorum: 16-38 t[1][3]
  12. Brachiosaurus altithorax: 28.7-37 t[37][38]
  13. Giraffatitan brancai: 23-39.5 t[3][37]
  14. Apatosaurus excelsus: 25.9 t[39]
  15. Apatosaurus louisae: 20.6-22.4 t[3][12]
  16. Barosaurus lentus: 20 t[12]

[edit] Smallest sauropods

A list of all sauropods measuring 10 meters or less in length.

  1. Ohmdenosaurus liasicus: 4 m (13 ft)
  2. Blikanasaurus cromptoni: 5 m (16 ft)
  3. Magyarosaurus dacus: 5.3 m (17 ft)
  4. Europasaurus holgeri: 6 m (20 ft)
  5. Vulcanodon karibaensis: 6.5 m (21 ft)
  6. Isanosaurus attavipachi: 7 m (23 ft)
  7. Camelotia borealis: 9 m (30 ft)
  8. Tazoudasaurus naimi: 9 m (30 ft)
  9. Antetonitrus ingenipes: 8–10 m (26–33 ft), 1.5–2 m (4.9–6.6 ft) tall at hip
  10. Shunosaurus lii: 10 m (33 ft)
  11. Brachytrachelopan mesai: 10 m (33 ft)
  12. Amazonsaurus maranhensis: 10 m (33 ft), 10 tons

[edit] Ornithopods

Main article: Ornithopoda

[edit] Longest ornithopods

Size comparison of selected giant ornithopod dinosaurs

Size by overall length, including tail, of all ornithopods over 11 meters.

  1. Huaxiaosaurus: 18.7 m (61 ft)[40]
  2. Shantungosaurus giganteus: 15–16.6 m (49–54.5 ft)[10][41]
  3. "Lambeosaurus" laticaudus: 15–16.5 m (49–54.1 ft)[10][42]
  4. Hypsibema crassicauda: 15 m (49 ft)?[10]
  5. Hypsibema missouriensis (Parrosaurus)[10]: 15 m (49 ft)?[10]
  6. Edmontosaurus regalis: 12–13 m (39–43 ft)[43][44]
  7. Iguanodon bernissartensis: 10–13 m (33–43 ft)[10][45]
  8. Charonosaurus jiayinensis: 10–13 m (33–43 ft)[10][46]
  9. Edmontosaurus annectens (Anatosaurus)[10]: 12 m (39 ft)[47][10]
  10. Olorotitan arharensis: 12 m (39 ft)[46]
  11. Saurolophus angustirostris: 12 m (39 ft)[48]
  12. Ornithotarsus immanis: 12 m (39 ft)?[10]
  13. Kritosaurus sp.: 11 m (36 ft)[49]

[edit] Most massive ornithopods

  1. "Lambeosaurus" laticaudus: up to 23 metric tons (25 short tons)[42]
  2. Shantungosaurus giganteus: up to 16 metric tons (17.6 short tons)[50]
  3. Edmontosaurus regalis: 4.0 metric tons (4.4 short tons)[50]
  4. Hypacrosaurus altispinus: 4.0 metric tons (4.4 short tons)[50]

[edit] Ceratopsians

Main article: Ceratopsia

[edit] Longest ceratopsians

Size of Triceratops compared to human.

Size by overall length, including tail, of all ceratopsians measuring 7 meters or more in length.

  1. Torosaurus: 9 m (30 ft)[10]
  2. Triceratops 9 m (30 ft)[10]
  3. Titanoceratops 9 m (30 ft)[10]
  4. Eotriceratops 9 m (30 ft)[10]
  5. Pachyrhinosaurus: 8 m (26 ft)[10]
  6. Pentaceratops: 8 m (26 ft)[10]
  7. Ojoceratops: 8 m (26 ft)[10]
  8. Coahuilaceratops: 8 m (26 ft)[10]
  9. Nedoceratops: 7.6 m (25 ft)[10]
  10. Vagaceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  11. Utahceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  12. Sinoceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  13. Mojoceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  14. Chasmosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  15. Arrhinoceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  16. Agujaceratops: 7 m (23 ft)[10]

[edit] Smallest ceratopsians

A list of all ceratopsians 2 metres (6.6 ft) or less in length.

  1. Chaoyangsaurus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  2. Graciliceratops: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  3. Xuanhuaceratops: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  4. Microceratus: 60 cm (2.0 ft)[10]
  5. Bagaceratops: 90 cm (3.0 ft)[10]
  6. Ajkaceratops: 1 m (3.3 ft)[51]
  7. Hongshanosaurus: 1.2 m (3.9 ft)[10]
  8. Protoceratops: 1.4 m (4.6 ft)[10]
  9. Archaeoceratops: 1.5 m (4.9 ft)[10]
  10. Yamaceratops: 1.5 m (4.9 ft)[10]
  11. Asiaceratops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[10]
  12. Cerasinops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[10]
  13. Leptoceratops: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[10]
  14. Psittacosaurus: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[10]

[edit] Pachycephalosaurs

Main article: Pachycephalosauria

[edit] Longest pachycephalosaurs

Size by overall length, including tail, of all pachycephalosaurs measuring 3 meters or more in length.

  1. Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  2. Stygimoloch spinifer: 3 m (9.8 ft)[10]
  3. Gravitholus albertae: 3 m (9.8 ft)?[10]

[edit] Shortest pachycephalosaurs

Size by overall length, including tail, of all pachycephalosaurs measuring 2 meters or less in length as adults.

  1. Colepiocephale lambei: 1.8 m (5.9 ft)[10]
  2. Stegoceras validum: 2 m (6.6 ft)[10]

[edit] Thyreophorans

Main article: Thyreophora

[edit] Longest thyreophorans

Size by overall length, including tail, of all thyreophorans measuring 7 meters or more in length.

  1. Ankylosaurus: 6.25–10.7 m (20.5–35 ft)[52]
  2. Cedarpelta: 9.0 m (29.5 ft)[10]
  3. Stegosaurus: 9.0 m (29.5 ft)[10]
  4. Dacentrurus: 8 m (26 ft)[10]
  5. Tarchia: 8.0 m (26.2 ft)[10]
  6. Sauropelta: 7.6 m (25 ft)[10]
  7. Edmontonia: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  8. Euoplocephalus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  9. Panoplosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  10. Saichania: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  11. Shamosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  12. Tsagantegia: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  13. Tuojiangosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  14. Gigantspinosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  15. Jiangjunosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  16. Dyoplosaurus: 7 m (23 ft)[10]
  17. Hypsirophus: 7 m (23 ft)?[10]

[edit] Smallest thyreophorans

  1. Scutellosaurus: 1.2 m (3.9 ft)[10]
  2. Dracopelta: 2 m (6.6 ft)[10]
  3. Minmi: 2 m (6.6 ft)[10]

[edit] References

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